2017職稱英語(yǔ)閱讀理解考點(diǎn)答題技巧

　　職稱英語(yǔ)中，閱讀理解能把握得怎么樣，直接決定能不能及格。它是整個(gè)考試備考過(guò)程中最重要的一個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)。 下面是yjbys網(wǎng)小編提供給大家關(guān)于職稱英語(yǔ)閱讀理解考點(diǎn)答題技巧，希望對(duì)大家有用。

　　考點(diǎn)一：主旨題

　　主旨題是對(duì)主題思想提問(wèn)，是閱讀理解的必考題。

　　常見(jiàn)主旨大意提問(wèn)的方式有：

　　●The main idea of this section is__________.

　　The best title for this passage might be__________.

　　The main idea of this article is__________.

　　Which of the following best states the theme of the passage?

　　The last paragraph is mainly about __________.

　　The major point discussed in the paragraph is__________.

　　What is the passage mainly about?

　　The subject matter of this selection is __________.

　　What can you conclude from the passage?

　　如何抓文章或段落的主旨大意呢?

　　最重要的手段還是精讀文章的首段和末段，以及每段的首句。例如：

　　More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his own purposes can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment.

　　It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may wall away not only unpunished but with a glowing recommendation from his former employers.

　　Of course, we have no statistics on crimes that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck.

　　For example, a certain keypunch (鍵盤(pán)打孔) operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transaction. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off (向……透露 ) the company that was being robbed.

　　Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment, demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met.

　　Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled (耍弄) the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere.

　　在文章第一段最后一句、第二段最后一句都反復(fù)提到了計(jì)算機(jī)犯罪分子不受懲罰，文章第六段又分析了這種現(xiàn)象的種種原因。故全文核心內(nèi)容談的是計(jì)算機(jī)犯罪分子作案后不受懲罰。

　　*首段、末段沒(méi)有明確的主題句時(shí)，全篇重復(fù)的中心詞或每一段中重復(fù)的主題詞即為中心大意。例如：

　　The differences in living standards around the world are vast. In 1993, the average American had an income of about $25,000. In the same year, the average Mexican earned $7,000, and the average Nigerian earned $1,500. Not surprisingly, this large variation in average income is reflected in various measures of the quality of life. Changes in living standards over time are also large. In the United States, incomes have historically grown about 2 percent per year (after adjusting for changes in the cost of living). At this rate, average income doubles every 35 years. In some countries, economic growth has been even more rapid. In Japan, for instance, average income has doubled in the past 20 years, and in South Korea it has doubled in the past 10 years.

　　What explains these large differences in living standards among countries and over time? The answer is surprisingly simple. Almost all variation in living standards is attributable to differences in countries' productivity-- that is, the amount of goods and services produced from each hour of a worker's time. In nations where workers can produce a large quantity of goods and services per unit of time, most people enjoy a high standard of living; in nations where workers are less productive, most people must endure a more meager existence. Similarly, the growth rate of a

　　nation's productivity determines the growth rate of its average income.

　　The fundamental relationship between productivity and living standards is simple, but its implications are far-reaching. If productivity is the primary determinant of living standards, other explanations must be of secondary importance. For example, people might think that labor unions or minimum-wage laws contributed to the rise in living standards of American workers over the past century. Yet the real hero of American workers is their rising productivity.

　　The relationship between productivity and living standards also has great implications for public policy. When thinking about how any Policy will affect living standards, the key question is how it will affect our ability to produce goods and services. To improve living standards,policymakers need to raise productivity by ensuring that workers are well educated, have the tools needed to produce goods and services, and have access to the best available technology.

　　全文沒(méi)有主題段，但從每段主題句(畫(huà)線句子)中重復(fù)的單詞productivity和living standards可以看出，該主旨題的答案中應(yīng)該同時(shí)包含這兩個(gè)主題詞。

　　*沒(méi)有主題句，也少有重復(fù)的詞，需要通過(guò)總結(jié)全文、并讀透字里行間之義來(lái)確定。

　　A bus driver must answer questions while guiding a bus through heavy traffic. All day long,the driver answers the same questions without becoming angry. Every few minutes a bus driver has to ask passengers to step to the rear of the bus. In spite of traffic snarls and thoughtless passengers who cause delays, a bus driver is expected to cover his or her rout on schedule.

　　本段沒(méi)有主題句。讀者只能通過(guò)通讀全文來(lái)歸納出隱含主題：Driving a bus is hard work.

　　考點(diǎn)二：細(xì)節(jié)題

　　職稱英語(yǔ)考試閱讀理解部分對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)信息的考查占總分比重最大，約占60%。對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)題的考查包括事實(shí)信息題和邏輯關(guān)系細(xì)節(jié)題。解答前者的關(guān)鍵是準(zhǔn)確定位，而后者除了準(zhǔn)確定位之外，還需要把握文章句與句之間、段與段之間的邏輯關(guān)系。

　　常見(jiàn)的考查邏輯關(guān)系的提問(wèn)方式為：

　　...because

　　...includes

　　●…except__________

　　●which ofthe following…true/not true?

　　●Wh0/When/Where/Why/How/What…?

　　為了考查考生是否真正掌握了文章的行文規(guī)律和布局特色，閱讀測(cè)試常常會(huì)在有一定邏輯關(guān)系的地方(詞與詞之問(wèn)、句與句之間、段與段之間)設(shè)置考題，考查細(xì)節(jié)，需要考生從題目回到原文，找到相關(guān)信息點(diǎn)，并通過(guò)表示邏輯關(guān)系的連詞判斷哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)是真正符合原文關(guān)系的信息再現(xiàn)。

　　英語(yǔ)銜接手段有很多種，比如：指示(reference)、替代(substitution)、省略(ellipsis)、連接(conjunction)、詞匯銜接(1exical cohesion)等。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，句與句之間或段與段之間存在著下列10種語(yǔ)義連貫：列舉、附加、比較、對(duì)比、讓步、重復(fù)、結(jié)果、結(jié)論、時(shí)問(wèn)和強(qiáng)調(diào)。表達(dá)這10種語(yǔ)義聯(lián)系的銜接詞也有10類：

　　●列舉：for example，for instance，for one thin9，to illustrate，in particular,in general，significantly,frequently,occasionally

　　●遞進(jìn)：again，in addition，t00，besides，furthermore，as well，next to

　　●比較：similarly,likewise，at the same time，in the same way

　　●對(duì)比：but，however,nevertheless，still，conversely,whereas，though，on the contrary,by contract，on the one hand…on the other hand

　　·讓步(即轉(zhuǎn)折)：doubtless，surely，granted that，although this may be true，no doubt，I concede，I admit

　　·解釋：again，as has been pointed out，to repeat，in other words，as I have said above，once again，或者用代詞it，that，the one，they，those等來(lái)避免重復(fù)

　　●因果：therefore，thus，hence，S0，consequently,as a result，all in all，because

　　·結(jié)論：thus，finally,hence，in conclusion，to sum up，to summarize，to conclude，in short，in aword...

　　●時(shí)間：earlier,formerly,afterwards，later,presently,subsequently,meanwhile，after a while，at last，at that time，in the mean time，in the past，until now

　　●強(qiáng)調(diào)：indeed，equally,chiefly,even more important

　　除此之外，還可通過(guò)重復(fù)關(guān)鍵詞組來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)句與句之間或段與段之間的語(yǔ)義連貫。

　　考點(diǎn)三：推理題

　　常見(jiàn)判斷推理題的提問(wèn)方式有：

　　●It can be inferred from the text/paragraph that__________.

　　●What is implied in the paragraph one?

　　●The primary purpose of the passage is to__________.

　　●It may be concluded from the passage that__________.

　　●The survey indicates that__________.

　　推理就是以已知的事實(shí)為依據(jù)，來(lái)獲得未知的信息。在閱讀中，我們要善于利用文章中明確表示的內(nèi)容，進(jìn)行正確的推理，以挖掘作者的隱含意思，要求進(jìn)行推理的問(wèn)題，在文中往往找不到直接答案。在職稱英語(yǔ)考試中，推理題的正確選項(xiàng)往往與原文中的信息有或多或少的直接關(guān)系。

　　如果問(wèn)題要求理解某句或某段的隱含意義，那么我們必須在文中找到所涉及的關(guān)鍵詞語(yǔ)，仔細(xì)閱讀一至兩遍，吃透意思，并以此為根據(jù)進(jìn)行分析和推理。然后，再逐個(gè)考慮選擇項(xiàng)，選出答案。

　　如果需要進(jìn)行推理判斷的內(nèi)容涉及全文，則必須在理解通篇中心思想、掌握全文邏輯發(fā)展過(guò)程的基礎(chǔ)上，才能進(jìn)行正確的推理判斷。

　　考點(diǎn)四：詞匯題

　　在閱讀理解測(cè)試中必然考查對(duì)單詞或詞組意義的理解。閱讀中的生詞不是孤立的，而是與其上下文中的詞、句乃至整個(gè)篇章，在意義上、結(jié)構(gòu)上或邏輯上存在聯(lián)系。這些聯(lián)系便是我們推測(cè)詞義的依據(jù)，通常簡(jiǎn)稱為詞的上下文線索(context clues)。所以，從根本上說(shuō)，猜詞題就是要求考生通過(guò)原文的已知線索，猜測(cè)出一些未知信息，而不是考查考生到底背了多少詞匯。

　　常見(jiàn)猜詞題的提問(wèn)方式有：

　　●The word…probably means__________.

　　●The term…could be best replaced by__________.

　　●The phrase…is closest in meaning to which of the following?

　　●The word…probably refers to__________.

　　●By…the author means__________.

　　●…，as used in the passage，can be best described as__________.

　　同其他類型的題目一樣，猜詞題也有一定的順序和方法，請(qǐng)看下面的表格：

　　考點(diǎn)五：態(tài)度題

　　考查觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的提問(wèn)方式有：

　　●What is the author’s attitude towards__________.

　　●The author’s tone would be best described as __________ .

　　●Whaf is the author’s opinion of __________ .

　　●The author probably the method __________ .

　　●Which of the following the author is most likely to agree with?

　　●How does the author feel about/think of __________ .

　　下面我們以表格的形式來(lái)展示態(tài)度題的命題規(guī)律及解題方式：

　　解答態(tài)度題就必須熟悉表示態(tài)度的詞匯。下面我們來(lái)熟悉一下態(tài)度題中常見(jiàn)的態(tài)度詞：

　　1)表示贊成的態(tài)度詞：positive，optimistic;supportive，praising，encouraging，approve

　　2)表示反對(duì)的態(tài)度詞：negative，pessimistic，opposin9，blaming，discouraging，prejudice，biased，scared，afraid，fear,disapprove，critical，skeptical，suspicious

　　3)表示沒(méi)有態(tài)度的詞：indifferent，compromisin9，disinterested，impassive

　　4)表示中立的態(tài)度詞：neutral，objective

　　態(tài)度題要求考生能夠捕捉作者對(duì)某事物或觀點(diǎn)的態(tài)度：贊成或反對(duì)、支持或否定、褒獎(jiǎng)或貶抑。閱讀理解的文章大多會(huì)體現(xiàn)出作者的態(tài)度，因此表示“無(wú)關(guān)緊要”、“漠不關(guān)心”等字眼就是混淆項(xiàng)，不能選入。

　　職稱英語(yǔ)考試中，偶爾會(huì)出現(xiàn)難度較高的態(tài)度題。此時(shí)考查原文表示態(tài)度的語(yǔ)句，它們已經(jīng)不再是簡(jiǎn)單的單詞或詞組，還包含下列常見(jiàn)的句型：

　　1)it無(wú)人稱句在閱讀中的批判表達(dá)。

　　2)用否定的前后綴表達(dá)作者的情感。

　　3)通過(guò)雙重否定句型表達(dá)作者的強(qiáng)調(diào)。

　　4)通過(guò)評(píng)價(jià)性副詞對(duì)整個(gè)句子進(jìn)行的評(píng)價(jià)表明情感。

　　5)通過(guò)虛擬句型來(lái)表達(dá)情緒。

　　6)通過(guò)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞來(lái)看作者的情感。

　　·如表格中黑體字所示：在問(wèn)作者的觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，要尋找全文的態(tài)度詞或態(tài)度句子。如果詢問(wèn)篇章中某人的觀點(diǎn)，則要回到原文中找到表示此人的態(tài)度詞(詳見(jiàn)真題舉例B級(jí)真題)。

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