2016年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)必考語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)講解匯總
語(yǔ)法是大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四六級(jí)考試的必考點(diǎn),同學(xué)們?cè)趥淇嫉臅r(shí)候,要多花一些功夫放在語(yǔ)法方面,這樣對(duì)后面的考試復(fù)習(xí)或是英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)都是有幫助的。下面是小編整理的2016年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)必考語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)講解,希望可以幫助到大家。
2016年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)必考語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)講解(一)
1) 有些動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替完成時(shí):
hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say, remember.
I hear (= have heard) he will go to London.
I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is.
2) 句型 " It is … since…"代替"It has been … since …"
3) It is (= has been) five years since we last met.
主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)是句子的核心,它們之間有兩種語(yǔ)序:一是主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)之前稱為自然語(yǔ)序(Natural Order);二是主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)之后則稱為倒裝語(yǔ)序(Inverted Order)。而倒裝語(yǔ)序中又有全部倒裝(Full Inversion)和部分倒裝(Partial Inversion)兩種情況。
首先,在全部倒裝的句子中,要把整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)放在主語(yǔ)的前面去而構(gòu)成倒裝語(yǔ)序。
例如:
There are large numbers of students in the lecture hall.
(在There be…的句式中,There只是個(gè)引導(dǎo)詞而不是主語(yǔ),真正的主語(yǔ)是后面作表語(yǔ)的名詞或者名詞短語(yǔ)。因此,There be…的句式都是全部倒裝的句子。)演講廳里有大量的學(xué)生。
When he ran to the door, there stood a mid-aged man with a lantern in his hand .
(此句是為了"描述情節(jié)的需要",把倒裝當(dāng)著修辭的手段而寫成了全部倒裝句。句子的主語(yǔ)是a mid-aged man,謂語(yǔ)是stood 。)當(dāng)他向房門跑去時(shí),那兒正立著一位手里拿著一盞燈籠的中年男人。
另外,在部分倒裝的句子中,只把謂語(yǔ)的一部分(如情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、或是系動(dòng)詞be)放到主語(yǔ)的前面去,構(gòu)成倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如:
Are you going to take part in the football match against Accounting Department on Friday afternoon? (句子的謂語(yǔ)是are going to take part,are是句子的謂語(yǔ)的一部分;句子的主語(yǔ)是you 。所以,此句是部分倒裝的句子。疑問(wèn)句都是部分倒裝句。)你打算去參加星期五與會(huì)計(jì)系進(jìn)行的足球賽嗎?
Hardly could he finish his test paper when the school bell rang .(由于語(yǔ)法要求的原因,本句寫成了部分倒裝的句子。它的自然語(yǔ)序應(yīng)該是:When the bell rang, he could hardly finish his test paper.)他還未做完試卷,下課鈴就響了。
了解了倒裝語(yǔ)序的構(gòu)成情況后,我們?cè)賮?lái)看看倒裝語(yǔ)序在各種不同類句子中的使用情況:
A. 在疑問(wèn)句中
各種疑問(wèn)句一般地說(shuō)都是倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如:
Will they come to see us this weekend ? 這個(gè)周末他們將來(lái)看我們嗎?
Are you talking about the film you saw last Monday ?
你們是在談?wù)撃銈兩现芤豢吹哪遣侩娪皢?
Can you speak another foreign language except English?
除開(kāi)英語(yǔ),你還能說(shuō)另一種外語(yǔ)嗎?
Where did you buy the dictionary, in the book store nearby or in Xinhua bookstore?
你在哪兒買的這本詞典,是在附近的書店還是在新華書店?
She is not a student, isn‘t she ? 她不是個(gè)學(xué)生,對(duì)嗎?
B. 在感嘆句中
某些感嘆句也用倒裝語(yǔ)序。例如:
Isn‘t it a beautiful garden ! 多么美麗的花園啊!
What a beautiful garden it is ! 多么美麗的花園啊!(在這種句式中,主語(yǔ)在謂語(yǔ)之前,屬于自然語(yǔ)序。對(duì)于主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)而言,語(yǔ)序沒(méi)有倒裝。)
Have you ever seen such a naughty kid like him !
你見(jiàn)過(guò)那個(gè)孩子像他這么調(diào)皮!
2016年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)必考語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)講解(二)
語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式,它用來(lái)表示句中主語(yǔ)同謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。
英語(yǔ)有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài), 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài), 主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者,被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作的承受者。例如:
I have repaired the radio.
我修好了收音機(jī)。
The radio has been repaired.
收音機(jī)被修好了。
The students cleaned the classroom.
學(xué)生們打掃了教室。
The classroom was cleaned by the students.
教室被學(xué)生們打掃了。
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成:
be + 過(guò)去分詞
A building was damaged by the storm.
暴風(fēng)雨毀壞了一座建筑物。
Our plate was made in China.
我們的盤子是中國(guó)生產(chǎn)的。
My bike was stolen.
我的自行車被盜了。
常用的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)變化如下,以 ask 為例:
一般 進(jìn)行 完成
現(xiàn)在I am asked, I am being asked, I have been asked
過(guò)去I was asked,I was being asked,I had been asked
將來(lái)I shall be asked, I shall have been asked
過(guò)去將來(lái)I shall be asked
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的疑問(wèn)句是把助動(dòng)詞提前到句首。
Has your TV set been repaired?
你的電視機(jī)修了嗎?
Was the kite broken?
風(fēng)箏破了嗎?
Has the work been done?
工作結(jié)束了嗎?
被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的否定式是在助動(dòng)詞后面加 not.
The letter has not been sent out.
信還沒(méi)有發(fā)出去。
The little boy has not been found out.
小孩還沒(méi)有找到。
The cap has not been mended yet.
帽子還沒(méi)有補(bǔ)好。
Their money has not been sent to them.
他們的錢還沒(méi)有送到他們手中。
2016年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)必考語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)講解(三)
1) It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用should 加動(dòng)詞原形, should 可省略。
句型:
(1)suggested It is
(2)important that…+ (should) do
(3) a pity
(1)suggested, ordered, proposed, required, demanded, requested, insisted; + (should) do
(2)important, necessary, natural, strange
a pity, a shame, no wonder
(3)It is suggested that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
It is necessary that he (should) come to our meeting tomorrow.
2)在賓語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用
在表示命令、建議、要求等一類動(dòng)詞后面的從句中。
order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.
注意: 如suggest, insist不表示"建議" 或"堅(jiān)持要某人做某事時(shí)",即它們用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為"時(shí),賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)氣。
The guard at gate insisted that everybody obey the rules.
判斷改錯(cuò):
(錯(cuò)) You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.
(對(duì)) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(錯(cuò)) I insisted that you ( should) be wrong.
(對(duì)) I insisted that you were wrong.
3)在表語(yǔ)從句,同位語(yǔ)從句中的應(yīng)用
在suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名詞后面的表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣,即(should)+動(dòng)詞原形。
My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference.
I make a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.
2016年大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)必考語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)講解(四)
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.
如果句子為主從復(fù)合句,則主句倒裝,從句不倒裝
Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.
1) 表示允許或請(qǐng)求;表示沒(méi)有把握的推測(cè);may 放在句首,表示祝愿。
May God bless you!
He might be at home.
注意: might 表示推測(cè)時(shí),不表示時(shí)態(tài)。只是可能性比may 小。
2) 成語(yǔ): may/might as well,后面接不帶to 的不定式,意為"不妨"。
If that is the case, we may as well try.
典型例題
Peter ___come with us tonight, but he isn‘t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
答案B. 表可能性只能用may. 此句意可從后半句推出。
一、 none 無(wú)
1) none作主語(yǔ),多與of 構(gòu)成短語(yǔ) none of。 在答語(yǔ)中,none可單獨(dú)使用。
Are there any pictures on the wall? None.
2) none作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)均可。但如做表語(yǔ),則其單復(fù)數(shù)與表語(yǔ)一致。
It is none of your business.
二、few 一些,少數(shù)
few 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),多用于肯定句。
三、some 一些
1) 可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞連用。
2) 當(dāng)做"某一"解時(shí),也可與單數(shù)名詞連用。(= a certain)
You will be sorry for this some day.
總有一天,你會(huì)后悔這件事的。
A certain (some) person has seen you break the rule.
某些人不同意你的看法。
注意:
(1)在肯定疑問(wèn)句中用some代替any。
(2)some用于其他句式中:
a. 肯定疑問(wèn)句中:說(shuō)話人認(rèn)為對(duì)方的答案會(huì)是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答時(shí)。
Would you like句式中,表委婉請(qǐng)求或建議,如:
Would you like some coffee?
b. 在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示確定的意義時(shí),如:
If you need some help,let me know.
c. some位于主語(yǔ)部分,
Some students haven‘t been there before.
d. 當(dāng)否定的是整體中的部分時(shí),some可用于否定句。如:
I haven‘t heard from some of my old friends these years.
這些年我沒(méi)有收到一些老朋友的信。
四、any 一些
1) any 多用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。
當(dāng)句中含有任何的意思時(shí),any可用于肯定句。
Here are three novels. You may read any. 這有三本小說(shuō),你可任讀一本。
五、one, ones 為復(fù)數(shù)形式
ones必須和形容詞連用。如果替代的名詞時(shí)無(wú)形容詞在前,則用some, any,而不用ones。
Have you bought any rulers? Yes,I ‘ve bought some.
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