下面我們就對(duì)這三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分別加以說(shuō)明，卷面上如果這種句子多了造成偏題或離題那問(wèn)題就更嚴(yán)重了，這樣的段落也不能完成其交際功能，段落中句子的排列應(yīng)遵循一定的次序不能想到什么就寫什么。
英語(yǔ)句子模版
1、itisapparentthattheauthorofthedrawingtriestorevealtous:afinishinglinealwaysleadstoanotherstartingpoint.
2、Suchstimulatingstoriesarenotrareinourdailylife.themostpersuasiveexampleismadamcuries,aworld-reknownedfemalescientist.Shewasawardedtwicethenobelprizeforphysicsandforchemistry,withinlethan10years.Itisratherauniquethinginhistoryofscienceinthewholeworld.
3、thispicturedoesreflectathought-provokingsocialphenomenon.
4、thephenomenonreflectedinthepictureisbothimmoralandillegal.itiswellknownthatcaringtheoldisnotonlyatraditionalvirtuecherishedbyChinese,butalsoadutylaiddownintheconstitution.inordertopreventsuchmistreatmenttypifiedinthepicture,weshouldmakeeffortstopromotemoraleducation,andatthesametimestrengthentheregulationsandlaws.
5、thesituationisratherdepressingbecauseintellectualsinfactcontributegreatlytoourcountry’sdevelopment,anditislargelyowingtotheirpainstakingeffortsthatpavethewayforadvancementandprosperity.tosolvethisproblem,Ithinkthereshouldbeathievingsocialtrendofshowingrespecttoknowledgeandintellects.
6、themessageconveyedinthepictureseemstobethatpeopletendtounderestimatetheirabilitiesandmagnifydifficultieswhenconfrontedwithchallenges.Butinfact,itisnotthecase.
7、theharmcausedbytobaccoconsumptionisexperiencingasimilarupwardtrend-statisticsindicatesthat3000000peopledieofsmokingandrelateddiseaseseveryyear.
8、nevertheless,giventhepessimisticstatisticsatthepresent, http://www.lookme-vision.com hefirstplace,thereisanextensivepublicawareneofthenegativeimpactofsmoking,andasaresult, http://www.lookme-vision.com hesecondplace,governmentsaresettingmoreregulationstolimittobaccoproduction.theeffectiveneofsuchpolicywastestifiedbythepromptdropofthetobaccoproductionfromAtoB,asseeinthepicture.
9、asaresult,theintegrationofpoorlivingconditionsandworkpressureleadsnaturallytotheirpoorhealthandshortlife-span,justasthepictureshowsus.
10、thepictureisthought-provokinginthatitendeavorstoconvinceitsaudiencethatwecanactuallyexerciseanywhere,aslongaswuhavetheawareneofpreservingheathbyexercise.
11、Ireckonthattheconsciousneofmaintaininghealthissignificantforbothindividualsandthewholesociety.Ontheindividuallevel,itisvividlyevidencedbythemaninthepicturethathiswxerciseimproveshishealthandmoodaswell.Onthesociallevel,theimprovementinqualityoflifecontributesvastlytoaharmonioussociety.
12、theartistusesthisuniquemetaphorinordertoendowuswiththeconceptthattohabituallyexerciseisliketodepositmoneybitbybitinthebank.
13、whatthedrawingistryingtoexpreisveryconspicuous,itshowspeoplewhoare，moreover,atthebottomofthepicturearefourhugecharacters,meaning“sports”and“health”,whichtargetsremindingusthatsortsandhealthareintrinsicallyconnected.
14、allinall,Ifirmlybelievethatsportsarenotthebusineofasmallgroupofathletes,butalife-longpursuitthateverypersonshouldbearinmindandendeavortoputitintopractice.notonlydosportsbenefitindividuals,theimprovementofnation’shealthwouldbeahugecontributiontoourcountry’sdevelopment.
15、thepicturedescribesthesceneofaverytypicalfamilyworkshopwhichwemightfindineveryneighborhoodinchina.
16、thesanitationproblemoffamilyworkshopsinthefoodindustryhasexistedforalongtime.itcanbemainlyattributedtotwofactors.thefirstandperhapskeyfactorisignorancetowardsanitation.theotherreasonliesonsomebusinessmen’sshortofoccupationaldisciplines.
17、judgingformtheanalysisabove,wemaysafelycometotheconclusionthatthedauntingproblemdemandseffectivecountermeasures.Mostimportantly,thegovernmentneedstoimplementinspection.Inaddition,
18、Imaintainthateffectivemeasuresmustbetakentoputanendtothisphenomenon.firstly,weneedtoadvocatesocialresponsibilityandprofessionalethicsineachfield.secondly,strictregulationsshouldbeenactedandenforcedtocreateaharmoniousandorderlysociety.onlythroughthecombinedeffortsofgovernmentandsocietycanweforcefullyandcompletelycliminatethis“tumor”.
19、thetremendouscontrastpresentedbythedrawingalarminglyremindsusofthedetrimentaldeteriorationofoceanicecosystembythegreedineofmankind.
考研英語(yǔ)寫作必備的好句子模版英語(yǔ)寫作高分利器
1.隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的繁榮withtheboomingoftheeconomy
2.隨著人民生活水平的顯著提高withtheremarkableimprovementofpeople'slivingstandard
3.先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)advancedscienceandtechnology
4.為我們?nèi)粘Ｉ钤鎏砹饲槿ddmuchspice/flavortoourdailylife
5.人們普遍認(rèn)為Itiscommonlybelievedthat…
6.我同意前者(后者)觀點(diǎn)Igivemyvotetotheformer/latteropinion.
7.引起了廣泛的公眾關(guān)注Sth.hasarousedwidepublicconcern./Sthhasdrawngreatpublicattention.
8.不可否認(rèn)Itisundeniablethat…
9.熱烈的討論/爭(zhēng)論aheateddiscussion/debate
10.有爭(zhēng)議性的問(wèn)題acontroversialissue
11.就我而言/就個(gè)人而言AsfarasIamconcerned,/Personally,
12.有充分的理由支持besupportedbysoundreasons
13.雙方的論點(diǎn)argumentonbothsides
14.發(fā)揮日益重要作用playanincreasinglyimportantrolein…
15.對(duì)…必不可少beindispensableto…
16.正如諺語(yǔ)所說(shuō)Astheproverbgoes:
17.對(duì)…產(chǎn)生有利/不利的影響exertpositive/negativeeffectson…
18.利遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)大于弊Theadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages.
19.導(dǎo)致，引起leadto/giveriseto/contributeto/resultin
20.復(fù)雜的社會(huì)現(xiàn)象acomplicatedsocialphenomenon
21.責(zé)任感/成就感senseofresponsibility/achievement
22.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)與合作精神senseofcompetitionandcooperation
23.開闊眼界widenone'shorizon/broadenone'svision
24.學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)和技能acquireknowledgeandskills
25.經(jīng)濟(jì)/心理負(fù)擔(dān)financialburden/psychologicalburden
26.考慮到諸多因素takemanyfactorsintoconsideration
27.從另一個(gè)角度f(wàn)romanotherperspective
28.做出共同努力makejointefforts
29.對(duì)…有益bebeneficialto/beconduciveto…
30.為社會(huì)做貢獻(xiàn)makecontributionstothesociety
31.打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)layasolidfoundationfor…
32.綜合素質(zhì)comprehensivequality
33.致力于/投身于becommitted/devotedto…
34.應(yīng)當(dāng)承認(rèn)Admittedly,
35.不可推卸的義務(wù)unshakableduty
36.滿足需求satisfy/meettheneedsof...
37.可靠的信息源areliablesourceofinformation
38.寶貴的自然資源valuablenaturalresources
39.因特網(wǎng)theInternet(一定要由冠詞，字母I大寫)
40.方便快捷convenientandefficient
41.在人類生活的方方面面inallaspectsofhumanlife
42.環(huán)保的材料environmentallyfriendlymaterials
43.社會(huì)進(jìn)步的體現(xiàn)asymbolofsocietyprogress
44.大大方便了人們的生活Sthhasgreatlyfacilitatedpeople'slives.
45.對(duì)這一問(wèn)題持有不同態(tài)度holddifferentattitudestowardsthisissue
46.在一定程度上tosomeextent
47.理論和實(shí)踐相結(jié)合integratetheorywithpractice
48.…必然趨勢(shì)anirresistibletrendof…
49.日益激烈的社會(huì)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)theincreasinglykeensocialcompetition
50.眼前利益immediateinterest/short-terminterest
51.長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)利益long-teminterest
52.…有其自身的優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)…h(huán)asitsownmeritsanddemerits/prosandcons
53.對(duì)…有害doharmto/beharmfulto/bedetrimentalto
54.交流思想/情感/信息exchangeideas/emotions/information
55.跟上…的最新發(fā)展keeppacewith/keepabreastwiththelatestdevelopmentof…
56.…的健康發(fā)展thehealthydevelopmentof…
57.重視attachgreatimportanceto…
58.社會(huì)地位socialstatus
59.把時(shí)間和精力放在…上focusone'stimeandenergyon…
60.擴(kuò)大知識(shí)面expandone'sscopeofknowledge
61.身心兩方面bothphysicallyandmentally
62.有直接/間接關(guān)系bedirectly/indirectlyrelatedto…
63.導(dǎo)致很多問(wèn)題giveriseto/leadto/spellvariousproblems
64.可以替代think的詞believe,claim,maintain,argue,insist,holdtheopinion/belief/viewthat
65.緩解壓力/減輕負(fù)擔(dān)relievestre/burden
66.優(yōu)先考慮/發(fā)展…give(top)prioritytosth.
67.與…比較comparedwith…/incomparisonwith
68.可降解的/可分解的材料degradable/decomposablematerial
69.代替replace/substitute/taketheplaceof
70.提供就業(yè)機(jī)會(huì)offerjobopportunities
71.反映了社會(huì)進(jìn)步的mirrorthesocialprogress/advance
72.增進(jìn)相互了解enhance/promotemutualunderstanding
73.充分利用makefulluseof/takeadvantageof
74.承受更大的工作壓力sufferfromheavierworkpressure
75.保障社會(huì)穩(wěn)定和繁榮guaranteethestabilityandprosperityofoursociety
76.更多地強(qiáng)調(diào)putmoreemphasison…
77.適應(yīng)社會(huì)發(fā)展adaptoneselftothesocialdevelopment
78.實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想realizeone'sdream
79.主要理由列舉如下Themain/leadingreasonsarelistedasfollows:
80.我們還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走Westillhavealongwaytogo.
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)寫作模版句子
寫好英語(yǔ)段落的三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
首先，一個(gè)段落必須有一個(gè)中心即主題思想，該中心由主題句特別是其中的題旨來(lái)表達(dá)。整個(gè)段落必須緊扣這個(gè)主題（stickorholdtothetopic），這就是段落的統(tǒng)一性（unity）。其次，一個(gè)段落必須有若干推展句，使主題思想得到充分展開，從而給讀者一個(gè)完整的感覺，這就是完整性（completeneoradequateness）。再者，一個(gè)段落不是雜亂無(wú)章的，而是有機(jī)的組合，句子的排列順序必須合乎邏輯，從一個(gè)句子到另一個(gè)句子的過(guò)渡必須流暢（smooth），這就是連貫性（coherence）。下面我們就對(duì)這三個(gè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分別加以說(shuō)明。
1、統(tǒng)一性
一個(gè)段落內(nèi)的各個(gè)句子必須從屬于一個(gè)中心，任何游離于中心思想之外的句子都是不可取的。請(qǐng)看下例：
JoeandIdecidedtotakethelongtripwe’dalwayswantedacrothecountry.Wewerelikeyoungkidsbuyingourcamperandstockingitwithallthenecessitiesoflife.Bellabakesthebestpie.WestartedoutinearlyspringfromMinneapolisandheadedwestacrothenorthernpartofthecountry.Webothenjoyedthosepeoplewemetatthetrailerpark.Joereceivedawatchathisretirementdinner.Tooursurprise,wefoundthatwelikedthewarmsouthernregionsverymuch,andsowedecidedtostayhereinNewMexico.
本段的主題句是段首句，controllingidea（中心思想）是takethelongtripacrothecountry。文中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)irrelevantsentences，一個(gè)是Bellabakesthebestpie，這一段是講的是JoeandI，中間出現(xiàn)一個(gè)Bella是不合適的。還有，Joereceivedawatchathisretirementdinner這一句更是與主題句不相關(guān)�？忌谒募�(jí)統(tǒng)考的作文卷上常常因?yàn)樵斐鰅rrelevantsentences（不相關(guān)語(yǔ)句）而丟分，值得引起注意。再看一個(gè)例子：
MynameisRoseanna,andIliketokeepphysicallyfit.Iusedtoweightwohundredpounds,butIjoinedtheYMCAforanexerciseclaanddietprogram.InoneyearIlosteightypounds.Ifeelmuchbetterandneverwanttohavethatmuchweightonmyfive-feetframeagain.Iboughttwonewsuitcaseslastweek.EverydayIpracticejoggingthreemiles,swimmingfifteenlaps,liftingtwenty-poundweightsandplayingtennisforonehour.Mymotherwasaprematurebaby.
本段的controllingidea是liketodeepphysicallyfit，但段中有兩個(gè)irrelevantsentences，一個(gè)是Iboughttwonewsuitcaseslastweek，另一個(gè)是Mymotherwasaprematurebaby。
從上面兩個(gè)例子可以看出，nativespeakers同樣會(huì)造出來(lái)irrelevantsentences。卷面上如果這種句子多了，造成偏題或離題，那問(wèn)題就更嚴(yán)重了。
2、完整性
正象我們前面說(shuō)得那樣，一個(gè)段落的主題思想靠推展句來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，如果只有主題句而沒(méi)有推展句來(lái)進(jìn)一步交待和充實(shí)，就不能構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的段落。同樣，雖然有推展句，但主題思想沒(méi)有得到相對(duì)圓滿的交待，給讀者一種意猶未盡的感覺。這樣的段落也不能完成其交際功能。例如：
Physicalworkcanbeausefulformoftherapyforamindinturmoil.Workconcentratesyourthoughtsonaconcretetask.Besides,itismoreusefultowork----youproducesomethingratherthanmoreanxietyordepression.
本段的主題句是段首句。本段的兩個(gè)推展句均不能回答主題句中提出的問(wèn)題。什么是“amindinturmoil”（心境不平靜）Physicalwork又如何能改變這種情況？為什么它能起therapy的作用？讀者得不到明確的答案。由于四級(jí)統(tǒng)考的作文部分只要求寫一篇100～120個(gè)詞的三段式短文，每一段只有大約40個(gè)詞左右，因此，要達(dá)到完整就必須盡可能地簡(jiǎn)明。例如：
Itisnotalwaystruethatagoodpictureisworthathousandwords.Oftenwritingismuchclearerthanapicture.Itissometimesdifficulttofigureoutwhatapicturemeans,butacarefulwritercanalmostalwaysexplainit.
段首句所表達(dá)的主題思想是一種看法，必須有具體事例加以驗(yàn)證。上述兩個(gè)推展句只是在文字上對(duì)主題作些解釋，整個(gè)段落內(nèi)容空洞，簡(jiǎn)而不明。如果用一兩個(gè)具體的例子的話，就可以把主題解釋清楚了。比如下段：
Itisnotalwaystruethatapictureisworthathousandwords.Sometimes,picturesareprettyuselethings.Ifyoucan’tswimandfallintheriverandstartgulpingwater,willyoubebetterofftoholdupapictureofyourselfdrowning,orstartscreaming"Help"?
3、連貫性（coherence）
連貫性包括意連和形連兩個(gè)方面，前者指的是內(nèi)在的邏輯性，后者指的是使用轉(zhuǎn)換詞語(yǔ)。當(dāng)然這兩者常常是不可分割的。只有形連而沒(méi)有意連，句子之間就沒(méi)有內(nèi)在的有機(jī)的聯(lián)系；反之，只有意連而沒(méi)有形連，有時(shí)行文就不夠流暢。
1）、意連
段落中句子的排列應(yīng)遵循一定的次序，不能想到什么就寫什么。如果在下筆之前沒(méi)有構(gòu)思，邊寫邊想，寫寫停停，那就寫不出一氣呵成的好文章來(lái)。下面介紹幾種常見的排列方式。
A．按時(shí)間先后排列（chronologicalarrangement）
Wehadanumberofclosecallsthatday.Whenwerose,itwasobviouslylateandwehadtohurrysoasnottomibreakfast;weknewthediningroomstaffwasstrictaboutclosingatnineo’clock.Then,whenwehadbeendrivinginthedesertfornearlytwohours-----itmusthavebeenclosetonoon----theheatnearlyhidusin;theradiatorboiledoverandwehadtousemostofourdrinkingwatertocoolitdown.Bythetimewereachedthemountain,itwasouro’clockandwewereexhausted.Here,judgementranoutofusandwestartedthetoughclimbtothesummit,notrealizingthatdarknecamesuddenlyinthedesert.Sureenough,bysixwewerestrugglingandAndrewverynearlywentdownasteepcliff,draggingMohammedandmealongwithhim.Bynine,whenthewindhowledacrotheflatledgeofthesummit,weknewasweshiveredtogetherforwarmththatithadnotbeenourluckyday.
本段從“rose”（起床）寫起，然后是吃早餐（“nottomibreakfast”,“closingatnineo’clock”），然后是“closetonoon”，一直寫到這一天結(jié)束（“Bynine--”）。
B.按位置遠(yuǎn)近排列（spatialarrangement）。例如：
Fromadistance,itlookedlikeaskinnytube,butaswegotcloser,wecouldseeitfleshoutbeforeoureyes.Itwastubular,allright,butfatterthanwecouldseefromfaraway.Furthermore,wewerealsoastonishedtonoticethatthebuildingwasreallyintwoparts:apagodasittingontopofatubularone-storystructure.Standingtenfeetaway,wecouldmarvelathowmuchofthepagodawasmadeupofglawindows.AlmosteverythingunderthewonderfulChineseroofwasmadeofglass,unlikethetubethatitwassittingon,whichonlyhadfour.Inside,thetubewasgloomy,becauseofthelackoflight.Thenasteep,narrowstaircasetookusupinsidethepagodaandthelightchangeddramatically.Allthosewindowsletinafloodofsunshineandwecouldseeoutformilesacrotheflatland.
本段的寫法是由遠(yuǎn)及近，從遠(yuǎn)處（“fromadistance”）寫起，然后“getcloser”，再到（“tenfeetaway”），最后是“insidethepagoda”……當(dāng)然，按位置遠(yuǎn)近來(lái)寫不等于都是由遠(yuǎn)及近。根據(jù)需要，也可以由近及遠(yuǎn)，由表及里等等。
C.按邏輯關(guān)系排列（logicalarrangement）
a.按重要性順序排列（arrangementinorderofimportance）
Ifyouworkasasodajerker,youwill,ofcourse,notneedmuchskillinexpressingyourselftobeeffective.Ifyouworkonamachine,yourabilitytoexpreyourselfwillbeoflittleimportance.Butassoonasyoumoveonestepupfromthebottom,youreffectivenedependsonyourabilitytoreachothersthroughthespokenorthewrittenword.Andthefurtherawayyourjobisfrommanualwork,thelargertheorganizationofwhichyouareanemployee, http://www.lookme-vision.com heverylargebusineorganization,whetheritisthegovernment,thelargecorporation,ortheArmy,this
abilitytoexpreoneselfisperhapsthemostimportantofalltheskillsamancanpossess.
這一段談的是表達(dá)能力，它的重要性與職業(yè)，身份有關(guān)，從“notneedmuchskill”或“oflittleimportance”到“moreimportant”，最后是“mostimportant”。
b.由一般到特殊排列（general-to-specificarrangement）
Ifareaderislost,itisgenerallybecausethewriterhasnotbeencarefulenoughtokeephimonthepath.Thiscarelessnecantakeanynumberofforms.Perhapsasentenceissoexcessivelyclutteredthatthereader,hackinghiswaythroughtheverbiage,simplydoesn’tknowwhatitmeans.Perhapsasentencehasbeensoshoddilyconstructedthatthereadercouldreaditinanyofseveralways.Perhapsthewriterhasswitchedtenses,orhasswitchedpronounsinmid-sentence,sothereaderlosestrackofwhentheactiontookplaceorwhoistalking.PerhapssentenceBisnotlogicalsequeltosentenceA----thewriter,inwhoseheadtheconnectionisclear,hasnotbotheredtoprovidethemissinglink.Perhapsthewriterhasusedanimportantwordincorrectlybynottakingthetroubletolookitup.Hemaythinkthat"sanguine"and"sanguinary"meanthesamething,butthedifferenceisabloodybigone.Thereadercanonlyinferwhatthewriteristryingtoimply.
這一段談的是awriter’scarelessness，先給出一個(gè)generalstatement作為主題句，然后通過(guò)5個(gè)＂perhaps＂加以例證。
c.由特殊到一般排列（specific-to-generalarrangement）
IdonotunderstandwhypeopleconfusemySiamesecat,Prissy,withtheoneIhadseveralyearsago,Henry.Thetwocatsareonlyalikeinbreed.Prissy,aquiet,femininefeline,lovesmedearlybutnotpossessively.Shelikestokeepherdistancefrompeople,exertherindependenceandisneversorudeastobeg,lick,orsniffunceremoniously.Herusualpostureissittingupright,eyesclosed,perfectlystill.Prissyisaverypropercat.Henry,ontheotherhand,lovedmedearlybutpossessively.Hewasmyshadowfrommorningtillnight.Heexpectedmetoconstantlyentertainhim.Henrynevercaredwhosawhimdoanything,whetheritwasdecorousornot,andheusuallyoffendedmyfriendsinsomeway.Thecatmadehimselfquitecomfortable,onthetopofthetelevision,acrostranger’sfeetorlaps,inbeds,drawers,sacks,closets,ornooks.Thedifferencebetweenthemisimperceptibletostrangers.
本段的主題句是段首句，它僅提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題：為什么兩只貓會(huì)被搞混。然后對(duì)兩者進(jìn)行比較，末句才下結(jié)論。
2）、形連
行文的邏輯性常常要靠適當(dāng)?shù)霓D(zhuǎn)換詞語(yǔ)及其他手段來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)。請(qǐng)讀下面這一段文字并找出文中用以承上啟下的詞語(yǔ)：
Walter’sgoalinlifewastobecomeasuccessfulsurgeon.First,though,hehadtogetthroughhighschool,soheconcentratedallhiseffortsonhisstudies---inparticular,biology,chemistry,andmath.Becauseheworkedconstantlyonthesesubjects,Walterbecameproficientinthem;however,Walterforgotthatheneededtomasterothersubjectsbesidesthosehehadchosen.Asaresult,duringhisjunioryearofhighschool, http://www.lookme-vision.com nsequently,hehadtorepeatthesesubjectsandhewasalmostunabletograduateonschedule.Finally,onJune6,Walterachievedthefirststeptowardrealizinghisgoal.
本文中起承上啟下的詞語(yǔ)有兩種，一種是轉(zhuǎn)換詞語(yǔ)（transitionalwordsorphrases），另一種是起轉(zhuǎn)換作用的其他連接手段（linkingdevices）。前者依次有：first,though,so,inparticular,and,because,however,besides,asaresult,both…and,consequently,and,finally.后者依次是：he,he,his,his,he,these,them,he,those,his,he,these,his.本段中共有詞匯105個(gè)，所使用的轉(zhuǎn)換詞語(yǔ)及其他連接用語(yǔ)共26個(gè)詞，約占該段總詞匯量的四分之一。由此可見，掌握好transitions不僅對(duì)行文的流（smoothness）有益，而且對(duì)于學(xué)生在半個(gè)小時(shí)內(nèi)寫足四級(jí)短文所要求的120個(gè)詞也是不無(wú)好處的。
一個(gè)段落里如果沒(méi)有transitions也就很難有coherence了.我們看下面一個(gè)例子：Speakingandwritingaredifferentinmanyways.Speechdependsonsounds.Writinguseswrittensymbols.Speechdevelopedabout500000yearsago.Writtenlanguageisarecentdevelopment.Itwasinventedonlyaboutsixthousandyearsago.Speechisusuallyinformal.Thewordchoiceofwritingisoftenrelativelyformal.Pronunciationandaccentoftentellwherethespeakerisfrom.Pronunciationandaccentareignoredinwriting.Astandarddictionandspellingsystemprevailsinthewrittenlanguageofmostcountries.Speechreliesongesture,loudness,andriseandfallofthevoice.Writinglacksgesture,loudneandtheriseandfallofthevoice.Carefulspeakersandwritersareawareofthedifferences.
本段中除了第6句開頭出現(xiàn)一個(gè)起過(guò)渡作用的＂it＂之外，沒(méi)有使用其他的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ).這樣，文中出現(xiàn)許多重復(fù)的詞語(yǔ)，全段讀起來(lái)也顯得生硬而不自然。如果加上必要的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)來(lái)修飾的話，這一段就成了下面一個(gè)流暢連貫的段落：
Speakingandwritingaredifferentinmanyways.Speechdependsonsounds;writing,ontheotherhand,useswrittensymbols.Speechwasdevelopedabout500000yearsago,butwrittenlanguageisarecentdevelopment,inventedonlyaboutsixthousandyearsago.Speechisusuallyinformal,whilethewordchoiceofwriting,bycontrast,isoftenrelativelyformal.Althoughpronunciationandaccentoftentellwherethespeakerisfrom,theyareignoredinwiringbecauseastandarddictionandspellingsystemprevailsinmostcountries.Speechreliesongesture,loudness,andtheriseandfallofthevoice,butwritinglacksthesefeatures.Carefulspeakersandwriters
areawareofthedifferences．
4、有損連貫性的幾種情況：
考生在寫作中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)下面幾種錯(cuò)誤：
1、不必要的改變時(shí)態(tài)，比如：
Inthemovie,RobertRedfordwasaspy.Hegoestohisofficewherehefoundeverybodydead.Otherspieswantedtokillhim,sohetakesrefugewithJulieChristie.Atherhouse,hehadwaitedfortheheattodiedown,buttheycomeafterhimanyway.
2、不必要的改變單復(fù)數(shù)，比如：
Everybodylooksforsatisfactioninhislife.Theywanttobehappy.Butifheseeksonlypleasureintheshortrun,thepersonwillsoonrunoutofpleasureandlifewillcatchuptohim.Theyneedtopursuethedeeperpleasureofsatisfactioninworkandinrelationships.
３、不必要的改變?nèi)朔Q，比如：
Nowmorethanever,parentsneedtobeintouchwiththeirchildren’sactivitiesbecausemodernlifehasthetendencytocausecleavagesinthefamily.Youneedtoarrangefamilylikeitsothatfamilymemberswilldothingstogetherandknowoneanother.Youneedtogiveupisolatedpleasuresofyourownandrealizethatparentshaveasetofobligationstosponsortogetherneandthereforesponsorknowledge.
因此寫作中，一定要注意時(shí)態(tài)，人稱以及數(shù)的變化是否正確，要注意保持一致。