介詞 which 定語從句

　　which引導定語從句，當定語從句中的which是做介詞的賓語，就要在which前加介詞。以下是小編收集整理的關于介詞 which 定語從句的內(nèi)容，僅供參考！

　　1、語法作用：

　　“介詞＋關系代詞”在從句中主要起關系副詞的作用，即在定語從句中充當狀語：

　�。�1）表示地點，時間和原因的“介詞＋which”分別相當于where，when，why。

　　I have found the book in which the names of all the early satellites are mentioned.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（＝I have found the book. The names of all the early satellites are mentioned in it.）

　　The earth on which／where we live is a planet.

　　I”ll never forget the day on which／when I joined the League.

　　I know a wood in which／where you can find roses.

　　Is there any reason for which／why you should have a holiday？

　�。�2）way后常用that代替in which，也可省略that。

　　I really don”t like the way that he talks.

　　That was the way in which the old lady looked after us.

　　Do it the way I showed you.

　　2、“of＋which”起形容詞的作用，相當于whose（用來指物），其詞序通常是“n.＋of which”。

　　They live in a house whose door／the door of which opens to the south.

　　He”s written a book whose name／the name of which I”ve com- pletely forgotten.

　　3、可引導限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句

　　There is a rocket by which the direction of the satellite can be changed.（SEFC 2A L. 55）

　　We carefully studied the photos，in which we could see signs of plant disease.（SEFC 2A L. 55）

　　4、介詞的選擇（選擇介詞時須考慮下列情況）

　�。�1）介詞與先行詞的習慣搭配

　　There is no way in which it could be brought back to the earth.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（in與way是習慣搭配）

　　（2）介詞與定語從句中的動詞，形容詞的習慣搭配

　　These are the wires with which different machines are connected.（be connected with是習慣搭配）

　　The author with whom all of us are familiar will visit our compa-ny.（be familiar with是習慣搭配）

　�。�3）同形的先行詞，或定語從句中的動詞，形容詞表示不同的含義時，要根據(jù)其含義選用不同的介詞。

　　I can”t remember the age at which he won the prize.

　　That is the age in which people live in peace and happiness.

　　age在前句中意為“年歲”，與at搭配；在后句中意為“時期”，與in搭配。

　�。�4）復雜介詞須保持其完整形式，常見的復雜介詞有on the top of，in the middle of，in front of，in spite of，at the back of，because of等。

　　We took a photo of rocket，the length of which was about 30me- tres.（SEFC 2A L. 55）

　　Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other.

　　They marched through the square，in the middle of which stood a monument.

　　（5）短語動詞中的介詞不可與動詞分開提至關系代詞前。常見的短語動詞有l(wèi)isten to，look at，depend on，pay attention to，take care of，look into，break into，get rid of，take part in，make use of，take hold of，catch hold of，catch up with，get along with，look forward to等。此時可用which，who，whom或that，也可將他們省略。

　�。ㄕ`）This is the girl of whom he will take care.

　�。ㄕ�）This is the girl whom he will take careof.

　　（6）當介詞與定語從句中的動詞或形容詞聯(lián)系緊密（但不是短語動詞）時，介詞也可放在動詞或形容詞的后面。但當介詞與從句中的動詞或形容詞聯(lián)系不緊密時，則需將介詞置于關系代詞前。比較：

　　The space station which we drove to was in the desert.（SEFC 2A L. 55）

　　I”ll never forget the day in which I joined the Party.

　　后句中的in若置于句尾則有“孤零零”之感，這時宜將介詞置于關系代詞前；而前句中的to則可后置。

　　5、關系代詞的選擇

　　用于介詞后的關系代詞只有which，whom，前者指物，后者指人。

　　There are many research stations on the earth in which outer space is studied.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（which指代research stations）

　　We questioned the pilot，from whom we learnt that no other planes had been seen.（SEFC 2A L. 55）（whom指代the pilot）

　　which定語從句例句

　　which引導非限定性定語從句時有一個特殊用法， 即它所引導的非限定性定語從句修飾主句中更多的部分甚至整個主句（這時被定語從句所修飾的“先行詞”要作廣義理解）， which仍在定語從句中作主語、 賓語或表語。例如：

　　He set free the birds happily， which was a celebration for his success. 他開心地把鳥放了， 這是對他成功的一種慶祝。

　　把非限定性定語從句“which was a celebration for his success”的先行詞視為主句中的“the birds”顯然不符合整句的語境， 被“which was a celebration for his success”所修飾的是整個主句， which所引導的這類特殊的非限定性定語從句對主句所敘述的情況進行某種意義的補充說明，which�？勺g為“這一點， 這件事”。

　�。劭碱}1］ You can find whatever you need at the shopping centre， ____ is always busy at the weekend. （2006上海春）

　　A. thatB. whereC. whatD. which

　　［答案］ D

　�。劢馕觯� 引導一個非限定性定語從句修飾the shopping centre， 應選用D選項中的關系代詞which， which在該定語從句中充當主語。

　　［考題2］ York， ____ last year， is a nice old city. （2003北京）

　　A. that I visitedB. which I visited

　　C. where I visitedD. in which I visited

　�。鄞鸢福� B

　　［解析］ 引導一個非限定性定語從句修飾York， 在定語從句中充當及物動詞visit的賓語， 應選用B選項中的`關系代詞which.

　�。劭碱}3］ He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows， most of ____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year. （1990）

　　A. theseB. thoseC. thatD. which

　�。鄞鸢福� D

　�。劢馕觯� 引導一個非限定性定語從句修飾windows， 在定語從句中充當介詞of的賓語， 應選用D選項中的關系代詞which.

　�。劭碱}4］ The owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running， ____ meant spending tens of thousands of pounds. （2006江蘇）

　　A. whoB. thatC. asD. which

　�。鄞鸢福� D

　�。劢馕觯� 引導一個非限定性定語從句修飾整個主句“the owner of the cinema needed to make a lot of improvements and employ more people to keep it running”所表示的情況， 應選用C選項中的關系代詞which， 在該定語從句中充當主語。

　�。劭碱}5］ Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play， ____， of course， made the others unhappy. （2000）

　　A. whoB. whichC. thisD. what

　�。鄞鸢福� B

　�。劢馕觯� 引導一個非限定性定語從句修飾整個主句“Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play”所表示的情況， 應選用B選項中的關系代詞which， 在該定語從句中充當主語。

　�。劭碱}6］ The result of the experiment was very good， ____ we hadn’t expected. （2000北京、 安徽春）

　　A. when B. thatC. whichD. what

　�。鄞鸢福� C

　�。劢馕觯� 引導一個非限定性定語從句修飾整個主句“the result of the experiment was very good”所表示的情況， 應選用C選項中的關系代詞which， 在該定語從句中充當及物動詞expect的賓語。

　�。劭碱}7］ The English play ____ my students acted at the New Year’s party was a great success. （2004）

　　A. for whichB. at whichC. in whichD. on which

　�。鄞鸢福� C

　�。劢馕觯� 表示“在英語劇中”應用介詞in， 因此在修飾先行詞play的限定性定語從句中也應用介詞in與指代先行詞play的關系代詞which連用， 本題只能選C.注意： 本題中which充當置于定語從句中最前面的介詞in的賓語（in which在整個定語從句中充當狀語）。

　　［考題8］ I saw a woman running toward me in the dark. Before I could recognize who she was， she had run back in the direction ____ she had come. （2006重慶）

　　A. of whichB. by whichC. in whichD. from which

　�。鄞鸢福� D

　�。劢馕觯� 表示“從他來的方向跑回去”， 應選用介詞from.下劃線處是引導修飾direction的定語從句。

　�。劭碱}9］ Frank’s dream was to have his own shop ____ to produce the workings of his own hands. （2005湖南）

　　A. thatB. in whichC. by whichD. how

　�。鄞鸢福� B

　　［解析］ 題干句意為： Frank的夢想是擁有一家可以生產(chǎn)自己的手工制品的商店。in which相當于in the shop的含義， 最適合引導定語從句。

　�。劭碱}10］ I was given three books on cooking， the first ____ I really enjoyed. （2006浙江）

　　A. of thatB. of whichC. thatD. which

　　［答案］ B

　�。劢馕觯� of which表示the first of three books的含義， 介詞of不可以省略， that不可以緊跟介詞后引導定語從句， 因此應選B.

　　［考題11］ He was educated at a local grammar school，____ he went on to Cambridge. （2005山東）

　　A. from whichB. after thatC. after whichD. from this

　�。鄞鸢福� C

　�。劢馕觯� this不能引導定語從句修飾前面的school， 介詞后的關系代詞不能是that， 因此應排除選項B和D； 由于此處which 指代前面整個主句， 全句意為“他在當?shù)氐囊凰�語法學校接受教育之后， 又去了劍橋�！保� 介詞應選用 after， 因此應進一步排除選項A而選出C.

　　定語從句which

　　關系代詞which引導的定語從句， 指物，在從句中可以作主語、賓語等。多數(shù)情況下，可與that互換。但是要注意當從句中，介詞提前只能用which，而且，在非限制性定語從句中，which引導的句子單獨翻譯為一句話。

　　(1)“the ability to guard customer data is the key to market value, which the board is responsible for on behalf of shareholders�！�(2007-4-3)

　　考點：board董事會，be responsible for代表， on behalf of代表(注意在寫作中的應用)，shareholder股東

　　解析：這個句子難度為低級，劃橫線部分為主句只有一個難點就是which的先行詞是誰，是句子還是前面的一個名詞，很顯然，這個句子中是指市場價值，而不是這種能力。

　　翻譯：保護客戶資料的能力是市場價值的關鍵，董事會代表股東對市場價值負有責任。

　　難點總結：介詞短語，which的先行詞，非限制性定語從句一般翻譯為一個單句。

　　(2)in europe, as elsewhere, multi-media groups have been increasingly successful: groups which bring together television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relation to one another。

　　考點：multi-media 傳媒集團(最好不要翻譯為多媒體集團)， bring together 組織，集合，work in relation to one another 彼此協(xié)作，publishing houses出版社

　　解析：此句難度為高級，劃線部分為主句， 冒號后是主句的同位語，由which引導的定語從句來修飾groups，句尾還有that引導的定語從句來修飾television, radio, newspapers, magazines and publishing houses。as在這個句子中是副詞，修飾副詞elsewhere,翻譯為“就像在其他地方一樣”。

　　翻譯：在歐洲，就像在其他地方一樣，多媒體集團越來越成功了，這些集團把相互之間有緊密聯(lián)系的電視臺、電臺、報紙、雜志、出版社組合到了一起。

　　難點總結：確認關系代詞which，that的先行詞(記得當先行詞是兩個或者兩個以上的人或者物時，關系代詞要用that。)，as的用法。

　　(3)dr. myers and dr. worm argue that their work gives a correct baseline, which future management efforts must take into account。(2006-3-4)

　　考點：take into account考慮(注意要用在寫作中，尤其是建議信中例如：you need to take the following factor into account when you make a decision。)

　　解析：這個句子難度為低級。which在此指代的是a correct baseline。

　　翻譯：麥爾斯博士和沃姆博士指出，他們的工作確定了一個準確的底線，未來的管理必須將其考慮進去。

　　難點總結：確定which的先行詞。

　　(4)for a while it looked as though the making of semiconductors, which america had invented and which sat at the heart of the new computer age, was going to be the next casualty。

　　考點：semiconductor半導體，casualty傷亡，

　　解析：這個句子難度為高級，這個句子是主句里套從句，從句里又套從句的結構，所以分清楚主句特別重要，主句為劃線部分，其中as though 引導一個方式狀語從句，這個從句中又有一個由which(先行詞為the making of semiconductors)引導的非限制性定語從句。

　　翻譯：曾有一段時間，似乎半導體制造業(yè)是另一

　　個將要覆沒的產(chǎn)業(yè)，要知道半導體正是美國人所發(fā)明，它在計算機新時代起著核心作用。

　　難點總結：注意句子結構。注意各個連詞的指代和意義。

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