av手机免费在线观看,国产女人在线视频,国产xxxx免费,捆绑调教一二三区,97影院最新理论片,色之久久综合,国产精品日韩欧美一区二区三区

英語(yǔ) 百文網(wǎng)手機(jī)站

定語(yǔ)從句試講

時(shí)間:2021-07-05 12:54:02 英語(yǔ) 我要投稿

定語(yǔ)從句試講

  定語(yǔ)從句,一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句跟在一名詞或代詞后(先行詞)進(jìn)行修飾限定,就叫做 定語(yǔ)從句。在主句中充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)成分。

  1基本定義

  被修飾的詞叫 先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句不同于單詞作 定語(yǔ)的情況,它通常只能放在被修飾的詞(即 先行詞)之后。定語(yǔ) 從句由關(guān)系詞(關(guān)系代詞、 關(guān)系副詞)引導(dǎo), 關(guān)系代詞、 關(guān)系副詞位于定語(yǔ)從句句首。

  關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句

  關(guān)系代詞所代替的 先行詞是人或物的 名詞或 代詞,并在句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、 賓語(yǔ)、 定語(yǔ)等成分。 關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ) 從句中作 主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和 先行詞保持一致。

  1) who, whom, that

  這些詞代替的 先行詞是人的 名詞或 代詞,在 從句中所起作用如下:

  Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

  他就是想見(jiàn)你的人嗎?(who/that在從句中作 主語(yǔ)) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.

  他就是我昨天見(jiàn)的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作 賓語(yǔ))

  2)Whose用來(lái)指人或物,(只用作定語(yǔ), 若指物,它還可以同of which互換), 例如:

  They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人車壞了,大家都跑過(guò)去幫忙。

  Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 請(qǐng)遞給我那本綠皮的書。

  3)which, that

  它們所代替的 先行詞是事物的 名詞或 代詞,在從句中可作 主語(yǔ)、 賓語(yǔ)等,例如:

  A prosperitywhich / thathad never been seen before appears in thecountryside. 農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未 有的繁榮。(which / that在句中作 主語(yǔ))

  The packagewhich / thatyou are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作 賓語(yǔ))

  關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的 定語(yǔ)從句

  關(guān)系副詞可代替的 先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的 名詞,在從句中作 狀語(yǔ)。

  1)when, where, why

  關(guān)系副詞when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于"介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和" 介詞+ which"結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用,例 如:

  There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候。

  Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。

  Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎?

  2)that代替 關(guān)系副詞

  that可以用于表示 時(shí)間、 地點(diǎn)、 方式、 理由的 名詞后取代when, where, why和" 介詞+ which"引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從 句,在非正式文體中that常被省略(正式文體中不可省略),例如:

  His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父親在他出生那年逝世了。

  He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十 年前居住過(guò)的地方。

  判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞

  方法一: 用關(guān)系代詞,還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ),就必須要 求用關(guān)系代詞。例如:

 。ㄥe(cuò)) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

 。ㄥe(cuò)) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.

 。▽(duì)) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

 。▽(duì)) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

  習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。

  方法二: 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系 副詞.先行詞在從句中作主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系代詞;先行詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)選 擇關(guān)系副詞。

  例如:(對(duì))Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?

  (對(duì))Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?

  2從句結(jié)構(gòu)

  公式

  定語(yǔ)從句=先行詞+關(guān)系詞+從句

  先行詞

  指被 定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞或句子。

  一般 先行詞出現(xiàn)在定語(yǔ)從句的前面。[1]

  關(guān)系詞

  關(guān)系詞常有3個(gè)作用:

 、龠B接作用,連接主句和定語(yǔ)從句。

 、谥复刃性~。

 、墼诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。

  注:關(guān)系代詞有主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)之分。一般who做主語(yǔ)或其賓格形式的whom做賓語(yǔ)(whom作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略),whose作為定語(yǔ)(whose不可省略)。關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ),定語(yǔ)等,關(guān)系副詞在從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)(where),時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(when),原因狀語(yǔ)(why)。[1]

  定語(yǔ)

  定語(yǔ)用來(lái)限定、修飾名詞或代詞,是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)(動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞表示的)漢語(yǔ)中常用“……的”表示。主要由形容詞擔(dān)任,此外,名詞、 代詞、數(shù)詞、 分詞、副詞、不定式以及 介詞短語(yǔ)也可以來(lái)?yè)?dān)任,也可以由一個(gè)句子來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。單詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)通常放在它所修飾的詞之前,作前置定語(yǔ)。短語(yǔ)、從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)則放在所修飾的詞之后,作后置定語(yǔ)。

  被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞、代詞稱為先行詞。如“the girl”,“the book”

  如:She is the girl who likes singing. 她就是那個(gè)喜歡唱歌的女孩。

  這就是一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句。[1]

  3關(guān)系代詞

  基本介紹

  關(guān)系代詞所代替的先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞,并在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)要和先行詞保持一致。

  特殊情況:

  只能用that的情況,

  先行詞為everything,all,little,much等不定代詞時(shí);

  先行詞被all,every,no,any,some,little,much,one修飾時(shí);

  先行詞被the only,the very,the same,the last修飾時(shí);

  先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí);

  先行詞是be的表語(yǔ)或there be 的主語(yǔ)時(shí);

  先行詞有人又有物時(shí);

  當(dāng)主句是以who或which開(kāi)頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)。

  不能用that的情況

  介詞前置時(shí);

  非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中

  先行詞本身是that

  多用who,不用that的情況

  先行詞為anyone,one,ones時(shí);

  先行詞為those,he和people時(shí);

  這些詞代替指人,whom在定語(yǔ)從句中指人,"who"和“that”既可作主語(yǔ)又可作賓語(yǔ)(作賓語(yǔ)可以省略,who作賓語(yǔ)變?yōu)閣hom),that可以指人也可以指物, who不可指物 。在從句中所起作用如下:

 。1)Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他是那個(gè)想見(jiàn)你的男人嗎?(who/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))

  (2)He is the man (whom/that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天見(jiàn)到的那個(gè)人。(whom/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))

 。3)The man whom you spoke to just now is our English teacher. 剛剛和你說(shuō)話的那個(gè)男人是我們的英語(yǔ)老師。(whom在從句中作賓語(yǔ))

  注:who在定語(yǔ)從句中指人,作主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略;做及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ),可省略。

  2,which,that 用來(lái)指物(有六種情況只可用that而不用which)

  (用作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ),作 賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略),例如:

 。1)The prosperity which/that had never appeared before took on in thecountryside.農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了前所未有的繁榮。(which/that在從句中作主語(yǔ))

  (2)The package (which/that) you are carrying is about to comeunwrapped.你拿那個(gè)包裹快要散開(kāi)了。(which/that在從句中作賓語(yǔ))

  注:which在定語(yǔ)從句中指物,可作主語(yǔ)或及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略;that在定語(yǔ)從句中既可指人又可指物,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略,指人時(shí),相當(dāng)于who或whom,指物時(shí),相當(dāng)于which,作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),介詞不可提到that前,當(dāng)介詞提前時(shí),需要用which或whom來(lái)代替。

  2、whose

  (只用作定語(yǔ))

  “whose”表示誰(shuí)(可以為人也可以為物)的(東西)

  例:A child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.雙親都死了的孩子叫做孤兒。(“whose parents”表示那個(gè)孩子的雙親)

  He lives in a room whose window faces south.他住的那個(gè)房子的窗戶是朝南的。(“whose”表示那個(gè)房子的窗戶)

  關(guān)系代詞:在句中作 主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。

  1. that既可代表事物也可代表人,“which”代表事物;它們?cè)趶木渲凶髦髡Z(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),作賓語(yǔ)可省略“that”在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常可省略關(guān)系詞,“which”在從句省略。[eg:This is the book (which)you want.]

  2.如果which在從句中作“不及物動(dòng)詞+介詞”的介詞的賓語(yǔ),注意介詞不要丟掉,而且介詞總是放在關(guān)系代詞which的前面,但有的則放在它前面的位置。

  3. 代表物時(shí)的that常被省略;

  c)被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí);既有人又有物時(shí);

  e)整個(gè)句中前面已有“which”,“why”時(shí)

  4關(guān)系副詞

  關(guān)系副詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)

  關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞

  why=for which

  where=in/ at/ on which(介詞同先行詞搭配)

  when=during/ on/ in/……

  1. “where”是關(guān)系副詞,當(dāng)然也不用“that”引導(dǎo)。

  By the time when you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks. 當(dāng)你到達(dá)倫敦的時(shí)候,我們?cè)谀抢镆呀?jīng)待了兩個(gè)星期。

  I still remember the place where I met her for the first time. 我仍然記得我第一次見(jiàn)到她的地方。

  Each time when he goes to business trip, he brings a lot of living necessities, such as towels, soap,toothbrushetc. 他每次出差都帶著生活必需品,如毛巾,肥皂,牙刷等其他東西。

  2.當(dāng)從句的邏輯主語(yǔ)是some, any, no, somebody, anybody, nobody, something, anything, everything或nothing時(shí),常用“there is”開(kāi)頭。

  There is somebody here who wants to talk to you. 這里有人要和你說(shuō)話。

  分作進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明,通常是引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。

  1、 why

  關(guān)系副詞why主要用于修飾表原因的名詞(主要是the reason),同時(shí)它在定語(yǔ)從句中用作原因狀語(yǔ)。如:

  We don’t know the reason why he didn’t show up. 我們不知道他為什么沒(méi)有來(lái)。

  She didn’t tell me the reason why she refused the offer. 她沒(méi)跟我講她拒絕這項(xiàng)工作的原因。

  與關(guān)系副詞when和where不同,why可以換成that或省略。如:

  That’s one of the reasons (why, that) I asked you to come. 這就是我請(qǐng)你來(lái)的原因之一。

  另外,與關(guān)系副詞when和where可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句不一樣,why只能引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。如:

  他失去工作的主要原因是他喝酒。

  誤:The main reason, why he lost his job, was that he drank.

  正:The main reason why he lost his job was that he drank.(同位語(yǔ)從句)

  2、when

  關(guān)系副詞when主要用于修飾表時(shí)間的名詞,同時(shí)它在定語(yǔ)從句中用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。如:

  There comes a time when you have to make a choice. 你必須作出抉擇的時(shí)候到了。

  Gone are the days when they could do what they liked. 他們?yōu)樗麨榈娜兆右蝗ゲ粡?fù)返了。

  We’ll put off the picnic until next week, when the weather may be better. 我們將把野餐推遲到下星期,那時(shí)天氣可能會(huì)好一點(diǎn)。

  注意不要一見(jiàn)到先行詞為時(shí)間名詞,就以為一定要用關(guān)系副詞when來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,同時(shí)還要看它在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么成分——如果在定語(yǔ)從句中用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),就用when;如果在定語(yǔ)從句中不是用作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),而是用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),那就不能用when,而要用that, which等。如:

  Don’t forget the time (that, which) I’ve told you.不要忘記我告訴你的時(shí)間。

  關(guān)系代詞that / which在定語(yǔ)從句中用作動(dòng)詞told的賓語(yǔ),正因?yàn)槭怯米髻e語(yǔ),所以也可以省略。

  3、where

  關(guān)系副詞where主要用于修飾表地點(diǎn)的名詞,同時(shí)它在定語(yǔ)從句中用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。如:

  This is the village where he was born. 這就是他出生的村子。

  That’s the hotel where we were staying last summer. 這就是我們?nèi)ツ晗奶熳〉穆灭^。

  Barbary was working in Aubury, where she went daily in a bus.巴巴拉在奧伯里工作,每天得坐公共汽車去上班。

  與前面when的情況一樣,注意不要一見(jiàn)到先行詞為地點(diǎn)名詞,就以為一定要用關(guān)系副詞where來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,同時(shí)還要看它在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)什么成分——如果在定語(yǔ)從句中用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),就用where;如果在定語(yǔ)從句中不是用作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),而是用作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ),那就不能用where,而要用that, which等。如:

  He works in a factory that [which] makes TV sets. 他在一家電視機(jī)廠工作。

  5限定性能

  限定性定語(yǔ)從句

  意義:

  限定性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)被修飾的先行詞有限定制約作用,使該詞的含義更具體,更明確。限制性定語(yǔ)從句不能被省略,否則句意就不完整,例如I met some one who said he knows you.

  在引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),that有時(shí)相當(dāng)于in which,at which,for which或on which

 。1)Attitudes towards daydreaming are changing in much the same way that(in which) attitudes towards night dreaming have changed. 人們對(duì)白日做夢(mèng)的.態(tài)度正在改變,這與人們對(duì)夜間做夢(mèng)的看法的變化有非常相似之處。

 。2)I like the music for the very reason that(for which) he dislike it. 我出于某種原因喜歡這種音樂(lè),而他恰恰與我相反。

 。3)We arrived the day that(on which) they left. 剛好我們到的那天他們走了。

  在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中擔(dān)任動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可省略。

 。1)The book (that/ which) I am reading is very interesting. 我在讀的書很有趣。

 。2)Is there anything (that) you wanted? 想要什么東西嗎?

  6非限定性

  非限定性定語(yǔ)從句

  意義:

  非限定性定語(yǔ)從句起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,缺少也不會(huì)影響全句的理解。在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的前面往往有逗號(hào)隔開(kāi),如

  (1)The house,which I bought has a lovely garden. 我買的房子帶著個(gè)漂亮的花園。

  (2)This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 這本我已經(jīng)讀過(guò)三遍的小說(shuō)很感人。

  1. 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句可將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾,這時(shí)從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù),例如:

 。1)He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎沒(méi)抓住我的意思,這使我心煩。

  (2)Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation. 液態(tài)水變?yōu)檎羝,這就叫做蒸發(fā)。

  2. 在非限定定語(yǔ)從句中,有時(shí)as也可用作關(guān)系代詞,若as在從句中作主語(yǔ),其引導(dǎo)的句子可以放在句首,也可以放在句中。例如:

 。1)The boy has as much progress as we had expected. 正像我們所預(yù)料的那樣,這個(gè)男孩取得了大的進(jìn)步。

 。2) As everyone knows ,China is a beautiful country with a long history . 每個(gè)人都知道,中國(guó)是一個(gè)有著悠久歷史的美麗國(guó)家。

  3. 在非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,不能用從句做主語(yǔ)

 。1)The boys ,who are playing football ,are from Class One. 在踢足球的男孩們是一班的。

  (2)I helped an old man ,who lost his way ,yesterday . 昨天,我?guī)椭艘粋(gè)迷路的老人。

  7關(guān)系介紹

  一、先行詞和關(guān)系詞

  1)Whoever spits in public will be punished here.(“Whoever”可以用“anyone who”代替)

  2)The parents will use what they have to send their son to technical school. (“what”可以用“all that”代替)

  但這兩句句子已經(jīng)不是定語(yǔ)從句了,是名詞性從句。因?yàn)槎ㄕZ(yǔ)從句一定要有先行詞,而名詞性從句沒(méi)有。將“Whoever”、“what”分別用“Anyone who”、“all that”代替后,才是定語(yǔ)從句,先行詞分別是“Anyone”、“all”。

  Alice received aninvitationfrom her boss,______ came as a surprise.

  A. it B. that C. which D. he

  答案C。

  a選項(xiàng)it,使前后成為兩個(gè)句子,中間無(wú)連詞連接,語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤;b項(xiàng)that,此為非限定性從句,不能用“that”修飾;c選項(xiàng)which,which在從句中做主語(yǔ),用來(lái)代指前面的這件事;d選項(xiàng)he;前半句中是her boss,所以不正確。

  2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.

  A. what B. which C. that D. it

  答案B

  A選項(xiàng)不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,C選項(xiàng)只能引導(dǎo)限定性定語(yǔ)從句,而D選項(xiàng)習(xí)慣上并不適用。

  3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park.

  A. that B. which C. as D. it

  答案B

  “as”和“which”在引導(dǎo)非限賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn):

 。1)importanceto me, as my own is.

  在一定的語(yǔ)言環(huán)境里,有些名詞可以具有形容詞的性質(zhì)。這些名詞主要是那些表示人的身份、職業(yè)、狀態(tài)的名詞。值得一提的是,在這些具有形容詞性質(zhì)的名詞之后,引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞不能用“who / whom”。

 。2)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)先行成分。

  這種動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)既可是限定形式也可是非限定形式。如果是動(dòng)態(tài)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ),它們?cè)趶木渲芯鸵话阌邢薅ɑ蚍窍薅ㄐ问降奶娲鷦?dòng)詞“do”和“as / which”一起代替!癲o”可以出現(xiàn),也可以不出現(xiàn),但不能用其它動(dòng)詞代替。

 。3)句子作先行成分。

  這句子可以是整個(gè)主句也可以只是主句中的一個(gè)從句。有時(shí)是連續(xù)幾個(gè)句子,有時(shí)甚至可以是一個(gè)完整的故事。

  二、“as/which”特殊定語(yǔ)從句在句中的位置。

  由于先行成分的構(gòu)成成分”特殊定語(yǔ)從句在句中的位置有以下幾種情況:

  1. 形容詞作先行成分時(shí):形容詞的“which”特殊定語(yǔ)從句置于先行成分之后。

  2. 動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)作先行成分時(shí),“as / which”特殊定語(yǔ)從句置于先行成分之后。但是,當(dāng)從句中含有表示主觀意志的插入成分時(shí),“as”特殊。

  3. 句子作先行成分時(shí):“as”特殊定語(yǔ)從句的位置較靈活,可以置于先行成分之前、之中或之后。但如果先行成分是直接引語(yǔ),“as”特殊定語(yǔ)從句與否定詞的相對(duì)中則常用一些表示“合乎自然規(guī)律”、“眾所周知”或“經(jīng)常發(fā)生”等意義的詞語(yǔ),如natural, known to all, usual等。

  4. 有無(wú)狀語(yǔ)意要是方式狀語(yǔ)意義,而“which”特殊定語(yǔ)從句則無(wú)狀語(yǔ)意義!癮s”特殊定四、關(guān)系代詞“as”與“which”一詞。如:

  Freddie, as might be expected, was attending the conference.

  1). “Which”作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不限,主動(dòng)被動(dòng)皆可,只是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)助動(dòng)詞“be”省略。

  2). “as”和“which”都可以在特殊定語(yǔ)從句中 賓語(yǔ)。

  3). “as”和“which”在特殊從句中作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。如:

  We thought him agentleman, as/which he could never be.

  “as”特殊定語(yǔ)從句中可以主謂倒裝,“which”從句中則不能主謂倒裝。

  如果先行成分不是主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),關(guān)系代詞用“which”而不用“as”。如:

  He talked like a native, which/as hehardlywas.

  5."as"用法:

  1)."as"引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句

  a."such....as"

  He is not such a fool as he looks.

  I have never heard such a story as he tells.

  b."the same ....as"

  This is the same book as I lost last week.

  (區(qū)分"the same...as"與"the same....that":兩者都引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。that從句中說(shuō)明的名詞與the same修飾的名詞是同一個(gè)。as從句中說(shuō)明的名詞與the same修飾的名詞是同一類,而非同一個(gè)。舉例:①This is the same pen that I lost. 這支鋼筆就是我丟的那一支。②This is the same pen as I lost. 這支鋼筆跟我丟的那支筆一模一樣。)

  c."as...as"

  As many children as came were given some cakes.

  2)."as"引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句

  常用句式:as is said above 綜上所述

  as is known to all 眾所周知

  as is often the case 通常如此

  as is reported in thenewspaper如報(bào)紙所報(bào)道的

  6. “which”在特殊從定法

  (1)不用that的情況

 。╝)在引導(dǎo) 非限定性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。

 。╟)The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here.

 。╞)介詞后能用。

  We depend on the land from which we get our food.

  We depend on the land that/which we get our food from.

 。2)只能用“that”引導(dǎo):如先行詞被“l(fā)ast,just”修飾時(shí),只用“that”。

 。╠)先行詞為序數(shù)詞、數(shù)容詞,又有人和物時(shí)。

 。╢)先行詞指物,在主句中作是“the way”或“the reason”時(shí),“that”可作關(guān)系副詞,也可省略。

 。╤)主句的主語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞“who /which”時(shí),避免重復(fù)要用“that”.

  舉例:

  Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?

  這是你在圖書館借的書嗎?

  Who that break the window should be punished.

  誰(shuí)打碎了窗戶誰(shuí)該受罰。

  All that needed is a supply of oil.

  所需的是石油供應(yīng)。

  The thief gave out everything that he had stolen to the police.

  那賊最終把偷的全部東西交給了警察。

  定語(yǔ)從句只能“that”引導(dǎo)的情況:

  1、先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾。

  This is the most interesting book that l have ever read.

  2、先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾。

  The second foreign country that l expect to visit is Greek.

  3、先行詞是不定代詞時(shí),如"all、few、little、much、anything、nothing、something"

  This is the very gooddictionarythat I want to buy.

  4.、先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)

  Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned?

  5、先行詞被“only”、“the every”、“no”、“one of”、“the right"、“the same"等修飾

  He is the only person that l want to talk to.

  6、在以“which”、“who”、“whom” 引起的問(wèn)句中,為避免重復(fù),常用"that"

  Who is the man that is standing there? Which is theT-shirtthat fits me most?

  7、“there be”句型中

  8、先行詞在主句中作表語(yǔ),或者 關(guān)系代詞本身作從句的表語(yǔ)時(shí)宜用“that”

  “that”在作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可省略。

 。ㄎ澹﹨^(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句

  1、定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞,它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系;

  同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容,是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的關(guān)系。

  (1)The boy who is playing football is myclassmate.(定語(yǔ)從句)

  2、定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代for advice.

 。3)The fact that the moon moves around the earth is known to all.

 。4)The fact is that the moon moves around the earth.(這是一個(gè)表語(yǔ)從句!)

  (六)特殊的定語(yǔ)從句

  1)but也可用作關(guān)系代詞來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,意思接近于that(who).....not(這種用法已經(jīng)有些陳舊)

  There is no tree but bears some fruit.沒(méi)有不結(jié)果實(shí)的樹(shù)。

  There are very few but admire his talents.很少有人不佩服他的才華。

  Surely there isn't a mother but faces this problem.可以肯定,凡是母親都面臨著這個(gè)問(wèn)題。

  2)whereby,wherein,whereupon也可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,相當(dāng)于by which,in which,upon/on which.這種用法已經(jīng)有些陳舊,且僅用于書面語(yǔ)。

  [定語(yǔ)從句] 介詞+關(guān)系詞

  1)介詞后面的關(guān)系副詞不能省略。

  2)“that”前不能有介詞。

  3)某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間,地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的"介詞+關(guān)系詞"結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞“when”和“where”互換。例如:

  This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 這是我兩年前住過(guò)的房子。

  This is the house where I lived two years ago.

  Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 還記得你加入我們俱樂(lè)部的那一天嗎?

  Do you remember the day when you joined our club?

  二、介詞與關(guān)系代詞

  “介詞+關(guān)系代詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)

  1. “介詞+ which”在關(guān)系分句中分別可作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因狀語(yǔ),代替相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞when, where和why。如:

 、買 still remember the day on which (= when) I first came to school. 我仍然記得初來(lái)學(xué)校的那一天。

 、赥he factory in which (= where) I work is a large one. 我工作的工廠是一個(gè)大廠子。

  2. “介詞+ which(指物)/whom(指人)”在關(guān)系分句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),表示存在關(guān)系,關(guān)系分句主謂常須倒裝。如:

 、賂hey arrived at a farm house, in front of which sat a small boy. 他們來(lái)到一處農(nóng)舍,前邊坐著一個(gè)小男孩。

 、贗 saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird. 我看見(jiàn)一個(gè)人,他的頭上有一只鳥(niǎo)。

  3. “不定代詞或數(shù)詞+ of + which(指物)/whom(指人)”在關(guān)系分句中作主語(yǔ),說(shuō)明整體中的一部分。如:

 、貱hina has a lot of islands, one of which is Diaoyu. 中國(guó)有許多島嶼,其中之一是。

 、赥here are a lot of students here, none of whom like the film. 這里有許多學(xué)生,他們之中無(wú)人喜歡這部電影。

  4. “介詞+ which(指物)/whom(指人)”在關(guān)系分句中作目的、方式或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。如:

 、貱ould you tell me for whom you’ve bought this coat? 你能告訴我這件衣服是給誰(shuí)買的嗎?

 、赥he man, from whom I learned the news, is an engineer. 這人是一位工程師,我是從他那里得到這個(gè)消息的。

  5. “介詞+ which(指物)/whom(指人)”用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的關(guān)系分句中,作狀語(yǔ),說(shuō)明動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者。如:

 、賂he wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot. 傷害羊的那只狼了。

 、赥he man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter. 打死狼的那人是一個(gè)好獵手。

  6. “名詞+ of which”代替“whose +名詞”在關(guān)系分句中作定語(yǔ)。如:

 、買 saw some trees, the leaves of which (= whose leaves ) were black with disease. 我看見(jiàn)一些樹(shù),它們的葉子因害病而發(fā)黑。

 、贖e mentioned a book, the title of which (= whose title) I’ve forgotten. 他提到一本書,書名我忘了。

  7. “介詞+ which(指物)/whose(指人)”修飾后邊的名詞。如:

 、買t rained all night and all day, during which time the ship broke into pieces. 雨下了一天一夜,就在這期間輪船撞碎了。

 、赥he driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps. 司機(jī)就是那個(gè)男人,她從他的房間偷走地圖。

  8. “介詞+ which +不定式”。此種用法多見(jiàn)于正文體中,相當(dāng)于一個(gè)帶有主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的定語(yǔ)從句。如:

  She had only 1.87 with which to buy (= she could buy) Jim, her husband, a present. 她只有一元八角七分錢,用這些錢她給丈夫吉姆買一件禮物。

  三、介詞的正確選擇

  1. 根據(jù)后面動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。如:

  ①This is not the book of which the teacher spoke in class. (speak of 意為“談?wù)摗,相?dāng)于talk about)

  ②The two things of which they felt proud were Jim’s gold watch and Della’s hair. (be / feel proud of 為固定短語(yǔ),意為“以……自豪”。)

  2. 根據(jù)前面的名詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。如:

 、買’ll never forget the day on which I first met him. (表示具體的某一天,介詞用on)

  ②The boy pointed to thedirectionin which he would run. (“朝……方向”,介詞用in)

  3. 有時(shí)需同時(shí)考慮動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系及介詞和名詞的搭配關(guān)系。如:

  The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what washappeninginside the house.

  三、介詞和關(guān)系代詞

  1)介詞后面的 關(guān)系代詞不能省略。

  2)“that”前“Do you”作介詞的賓語(yǔ),且可以省略。

  例如:(1)The school(that/which)he once studied in is very famous.

  “that/which”可以省略。= The school in which he once studied is very famous.“which”不可省略。

  (2) 含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般不拆開(kāi),介詞仍放在短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的后面。如:look for, look after, take care of等。T This is the watch which/that I am looking for.(T=正確)F This is the watch for which I am looking.(F=錯(cuò)誤)

  2. 若介詞放在 關(guān)系代詞前,關(guān)系代詞指人時(shí)用“whom”,不可用“who”或者“that”;指物時(shí)用“which”,不能用“that”;關(guān)系代詞是所有格時(shí)用“whose”

 。1)The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T)The man famous.

 。2)I bought many books yesterday, three of which are written by Lu Xun.

  四、關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞(一般情況下)“that”可用在從句做主語(yǔ),謂動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ),但是不能做介詞的賓語(yǔ)!皐hich”指物,在從句中作主語(yǔ);“whom”在從句中作賓語(yǔ);“why”在從句中修語(yǔ),先行詞通常是“the reason”;有時(shí)“why”也可用“for+which”代替。

  例:A doctor who looks after people's health.主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 先行詞 定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞

  五、判斷介詞和關(guān)系代詞方法一 : 用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞:不及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ),就必須要求用關(guān)系副詞或者是介詞加關(guān)系代詞;而及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ),則要求用關(guān)系代詞。

  例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.

  判斷改錯(cuò):(錯(cuò)) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.

  (錯(cuò)) I will never forget the days when I spent in thecountryside.

 。▽(duì)) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.

 。▽(duì)) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.

  例. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?A. where B. that C. on which D. the one,解析: 主、謂、賓俱全,從句部分為句子的狀語(yǔ)表地點(diǎn),既可用副詞where,又因 in the museum詞組,可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)。而此題中,介詞on 用的不對(duì),所以選A。

  關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分,先行詞在從句中做主、賓語(yǔ)時(shí),選擇關(guān)系代詞(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞(“where”地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),“when”時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),“why”原因狀語(yǔ))。

  8從句區(qū)別

  限定性從句和非限定性從句的區(qū)別

 。1)從結(jié)構(gòu)上來(lái)看,限定性從句不能用逗號(hào)與先行詞分開(kāi);而非限定性從句卻必須用逗號(hào)分開(kāi)。引導(dǎo)非限定性從句的關(guān)系代詞不能省略。例如:

  The clock,which my great-grandfather bought,is still in good order.

  這時(shí)鐘是我曾祖父買的,現(xiàn) 在還是走得很準(zhǔn)。

 。2)兩種形容詞性從句往往賦予同一個(gè)先行詞以不同的含義。例如:

  My sister who lives in London is a doctor.

  我住在倫敦的妹妹是醫(yī)生。

  My sister,who lives in London,is a doctor.

  我的妹妹是一個(gè)醫(yī)生,她住在倫敦。

  (3)非限定性從句可以把整個(gè)主句當(dāng)作先行詞,而限定性從句沒(méi)有這種功能。非限定性從句修飾整個(gè)主句時(shí),只能用which或as來(lái)引導(dǎo)。例如:

  I said nothing,which made him still more angry.

  我一聲不吭,這使他更加生氣。

  He was a Frenchman,as I could tell from his accent.

  他是個(gè)法國(guó)人,我從他的 口音中可以聽(tīng)出來(lái)。

  He was drunk,which seemed to make a badimpressionon the policeman.

  他喝醉了,這似乎給警察留下了不好的印象。

  9特定選擇

  關(guān)系詞

  1、只用that不用which

  1)當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí),關(guān)系詞用that。

  2)當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí),用that。

  3)當(dāng)先行詞帶有the only,the very,the same,the last,the one等詞時(shí),用that。

  4)當(dāng)主句中有who或which時(shí),為避免重復(fù)用that。

  5)當(dāng)先行詞為something,anything,nothing,none,no,little,much,all等不定代詞時(shí)用that。

  2、只用who不用that

  1)如果先行詞是those,they,all,persons,people,he,anyone,one時(shí)用who

  2)當(dāng)先行詞指人并含有較長(zhǎng)的后置定語(yǔ)從句或在被分割的定語(yǔ)從句中時(shí)。

  3、只用which不用that

  1)當(dāng)主句先行詞后有介詞時(shí),用which。例:This is the one of which I'm speaking。

  2)非限定性定語(yǔ)從句,用which。

  3) 描述句中一般用which。例:Beijing,which was China's capital for more than 800years。

  4)those +復(fù)數(shù)名詞之后,多用which .例:Shopkeeper want to keep a number of those goods which sell best。

  5)先行詞本身是that時(shí),用which。

  10有關(guān)短文

  Don't forget the things that once you owned.曾經(jīng)擁有的,不要忘記。

  Treasure the things that you can't get.不能得到的,更要珍惜。

  Don't give up the things that belongs to you and keep those lost things in memory.屬于自己的,不要放棄;已經(jīng)失去的,留作記憶。

  11誤區(qū)提醒

  1)當(dāng)表示時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)的名詞作 先行詞時(shí),要判斷出它們?cè)趶木渲凶?狀語(yǔ)還是主語(yǔ)或 賓語(yǔ)。作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)用關(guān)系副詞,反之用關(guān)系代詞。

  典型例題:I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.

  A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when

  答案:A

  解析:兩個(gè)先行詞the day都是表示時(shí)間的 名詞,但第一個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在從句中作狀語(yǔ),因此要用關(guān)系副詞when. 第二個(gè)空白處要填的關(guān)系詞在 從句中作動(dòng)詞spent的 賓語(yǔ),因此要用關(guān)系代詞which或that來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.

  2)當(dāng) 主語(yǔ)為物時(shí),不能用what

  3)there be句型中,指人用who指物用that。

  4)當(dāng)主句中缺少主語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)時(shí),用the one。

  5)當(dāng)出現(xiàn)先行詞+介詞時(shí),關(guān)系詞只能用whom或which

  6)當(dāng)出現(xiàn)先行詞+介詞時(shí),注意判斷 介詞與從句 謂語(yǔ)是否有關(guān)系,以確定為定語(yǔ)從句

  12練習(xí)例題

  單項(xiàng)選擇

  1.Don’t talk about such things of__________you are not sure.

  A.which B.what C.as D.those

  2.Is this the factory__________you visited the otherday?

  A.that B.where C.inwhich D.theone

  3.Is this factory__________some foreign friends visited last Friday?

  A.that B.where C.which D.theone

  4.Is this the factory__________heworked ten years ago?

  A.that B.where C.which D.theone

  5.The wolveshidthemselvesin the places__________couldn’t befound.

  A.that B.where C.inwhich D.inthat

  6.The freezing pointis the temperature__________water changes intoice.

  A.atwhich B.onthat C.inwhich D.ofwhat

  7.This book will show you__________can beused inother contexts..

  A.how you have observed B.what you have observed

  C.that you have observed D.how that you have observed

  8.There asonis__________he is unable to operate them achine.

  A.because B.why C.that D.whether

  9.I’lltellyou__________hetoldmelastweek.

  A.allwhich B.that C.allthat D.which

  10.Thattree,__________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.

  A.whoseB.ofwhich C.inwhich D.onwhich

  11.Ihaveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.

  A.as B.that C.which D.what

  12.Hefailedintheexamination,__________madehisfatherveryangry. A.which B.it C.that D.what

  13.We’retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist__________wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.

  A.which B.whom C.who D.that

  14.Thegirl__________anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTom’ssister.

  A.whoissinging B.issinging C.sang D.wassinging

  15.Those__________notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed.

  A.learn B.who C.thatlearns D.wholearn

  16.Anyone__________thisopinionmayspeakout.

  A.thatagainsts B.thatagainst

  C.whoisagainst D.whoareagainst

  17.Didn’tyouseetheman__________?

  A.Inoddedjustnow B.whomInoddedjustnow

  C.Inoddedtohimjustnow D.Inoddedtojustnow

  18.Canyoulendmethenovel__________theotherday?

  A.thatyoutalked B.youtalkedaboutit

  C.whichyoutalkedwith D.youtalkedabout

  19.Isthereanything__________toyou?

  A.thatisbelonged B.thatbelongs

  C.thatbelong D.whichbelongs

  20.----“Howdoyoulikethebook?”

  ----“It’squitedifferentfrom__________Ireadlastmonth.”

  A.that B.which C.theone D.theonewhat

  21.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept__________whohadalreadytakenthem.

  A.theones B.ones C.some D.theothers

  22.Thetrain__________shewastravellingwaslate.

  A.which B.where C.onwhich D.inthat

  23.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer__________thepapersarekept.

  A.where B.inwhich C.underwhich D.which

  24.Antarctic__________weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround.

  A.which B.where C.that D.aboutwhich

  25.It’sthethirdtime__________latethismonth.

  A.thatyouarrived B.whenyouarrived

  C.thatyou’vearrived D.whenyou’vearrived

  26.Itwasin1969__________theAmericanastronautsucceededinlandingonthemoon.

  A.that B.which C.when D.inwhich

  27.Maythefourthistheday__________weChinesepeoplewillneverforget.

  A.which B.when C.onwhich D.aboutwhich

  28.WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,__________livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives.

  A.which B.that C.who D.where

  29.Thehotel__________duringourholidaysstandsbytheseaside.

  A.westayedat B.wherewestayedat

  C.westayed D.inthatwestayed

  30.Isitinthatfactory__________“RedFlag”carsareproduced?

  A.inwhich B.where C.which D.that 31.ItistheSuezCanal__________separatesAsia__________Africa.

  A.which,to B.where,from

  C.that,from D.that,with

  32.Underthebridge,however,almostdirectlybelow,__________wasasmallcanoe,withaboyinit.

  A.there B.where C.it D.which

  33.Heisnot__________afool__________.

  A.such,asheislooked B.such,ashelooks

  C.as,asheislooked D.so,ashelooks

  34.Isthatthereason__________youareinfavouroftheproposal?

  A.which B.what C.why D.forthat

  35.HemustbefromAfrica,__________canbeseenfromhisskin.

  A.that B.as C.who D.what

  36.Hehastwosons,__________workaschemists.

  A.twoofwhom B.bothofwhom

  C.bothofwhich D.allofwhom

  37.I,__________yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.

  A.whois B.whoam C.thatis D.whatis

  38.Heisamanofgreatexperience,__________muchcanbelearned.

  A.who B.that C.fromwhich D.fromwhom

  39.----Doyouknowthetownatall?

  ----No,thisisthefirsttimeI__________here.

  A.was B.havebeen C.came D.amcoming

  40.Idon’tlike__________youspeaktoher.

  A.thewayB.thewayinthat

  C.thewaywhich D.thewayofwhich

  41.Thetwothings__________theyfeltveryproudareJim’sgoldwatchandDella’shair.

  A.aboutwhich B.ofwhich C.inwhich D.forwhich

  42.Thedinnerwasthemostexpensivemealwe__________.

  A.wouldhave B.havehad

  C.hadneverhad D.hadeverhad

  43.Doyouknowwhichhotel__________?

  A.sheisstaying B.sheisstayingin

  C.isshestaying D.isshestayingin

  44.Thereisonlyonething__________Icando.

  A.what B.that C.all D.which

  45.Whocanthinkofasituation__________thisidiomcanbeused?

  A.which B.that C.where D.inthat

  46.Ihavemanybooks,someof__________areonchemistry.

  A.them B.that C.which D.those

  47.Theywereinterested__________youtoldthem.

  A.inwhich B.inthat C.allthat D.ineverything

  48.Theastronautdidmanyexperimentsinthespaceship,__________muchhelpforknowingspace.

  A.whichwethinkitis B.whichwethinkareof

  C.ofwhichwethinkis D.Ithinkwhichisof

  49.Thegreatdaywelookedforwardto__________atlast.

  A.come B.came C.coming D.comes

  50.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch__________washeldlastweek.[2]A.which B.who C.that D./

  語(yǔ)法填空

  1.This is the mountain village ________ I stayed last year.

  2.This is the mountain village ________ I visited last year,.

  3.I’ll never forget the days ________ I spent in thecountryside.

  4.I’ll never forget the days ________ I worked together with you.

  5.I forget the time ________ he will come.

  6.I forget the time ________ he told me.

  7.The reason ________ he can’t come is that he is ill.

  8.The reason ________ he told me is not true.

  9.This is the factory ________ I visited last year.

  10.This is the factory _______ I worked last year.

  11.This is the factory _______ produces all kinds of TV sets.

  12.This is the reason ________ he wasabsent.

  13.This is the reason _______ can explain his absence.[3]

  13參考答案

  單項(xiàng)選擇

  1—5AADBA6—10ABCCA11—15AADAD

  16—20CDDBC21—25ACBDC26—30AADAD

  31—35CABCB36—40BBDBA41—45BDBBC

  46—50CDBBC[2]

  語(yǔ)法填空

  1. where

  2. which

  3. which / than

  4. when

  5. when

  6. which

  7. why

  8. which / that

  9. which

  10.where

  11.which

  12.why

  13.which[3]

【定語(yǔ)從句試講】相關(guān)文章:

定語(yǔ)從句英文試講07-06

初中定語(yǔ)從句試講07-05

高中定語(yǔ)從句怎么試講07-06

高一英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句試講07-15

初中英語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)從句試講07-14

定語(yǔ)及定語(yǔ)從句01-28

定語(yǔ)從句that07-06

that定語(yǔ)從句07-06

定語(yǔ)從句01-27