2016年托?荚噄bt真題解析
在已經(jīng)過去的2016年托?荚囍,ibt專區(qū)有哪些真題值得解析的呢?為此百分網(wǎng)小編為大家解析2016年托福考試的ibt專區(qū)真題。
2016年托福考試ibt真題:寫作
T1:
Ø Topic:Peru沙漠里的一種地形Nazca lines,關(guān)于Nazca lines存在的三種理論
Ø 閱讀1:作為astronomical calendar,去跟蹤一些特殊的events,比如說冬至。也有發(fā)現(xiàn)表明它確實(shí)與一些天體有關(guān)系。
Ø 閱讀2:for monumental arts, 總而彰顯當(dāng)?shù)氐奈幕偷匚患爸匾。就像埃及見金字塔一樣?/p>
Ø 閱讀3:人們留下的足跡。有可能最為跑步的賽道。
Ø 聽力1:閱讀里沒有提到有sky中很多天體這一事實(shí), 所以閱讀里所說的相關(guān)可能只是偶然。
Ø 聽力2: 實(shí)際上這些lines 很大,只有在高空中才可以看到它的全貌,而如果站在附件的話,不能夠進(jìn)行識(shí)別,也不會(huì)給人留下深刻的印象。
Ø 聽力3:這些lines有一些是images of animals, too complex for human’s footstep.另外聽力推測(cè),當(dāng)?shù)赜凶诮塘?xí)慣是走一些不尋常的路徑,所以有可能這些lines是religious ritual留下來的。
Ø Sample answer
The writer and the speaker have a debate on why Nazca Lines Images were created. The writer puts forward three theories, which are opposed by the following lecture.
First, the writer claims that they are astronomical calendar, because there is relationship between images and planets/stars. While the speaker views this issue from an opposite angle, according to him/her, in fact, images and astronomical events do not match vastly. Since there are numerous stars in the sky, only a small part of images match astronomical planets just by chance.
Secondly, the passage states that people in Peru want to use Nazca Lines images to show off their cultures and achievements. However, the speaker casts doubt on this opinion by saying that the Nazca lines are so huge, so that people can only see it above high level. Images will be impressive when seen from overhead. Pyramids are impressive because they are huge and tall.
Last, the writer argues that the images are used for racetracks. By contrast, in accordance with the speaker, this claim does not hold water. When travelling, people can use more convenient Mark, such as tree. Some images like spiders and monkeys are too complex for people to track. Besides, it is more likely that the images are used in rituals. Religious ceremonies include walking.
T2:
Ø 原題:The government can take a variety of actions to help protect the environment. Which one of the following do you think is the most important for the nation’s government to take to protect the environment.
1. Fund the research to develop environmentally friendly energy sources such as solar and
wind energy.
2. Preserve the natural places like forests and protect the animals that live there.
3. Enforce laws to prevent the pollution of air and water by large companies.
Ø Sample answer
Taking a panoramic view of human history, we can readily find that the natural environment plays an enormously important role in determining the future of each and every country. Given the great significance of clean environment, the general public as well as the governors begin to wonder which one is the most essential action to protect the environment among the following three options: funding new energy research, preserving natural habitat or enacting strict laws. Towards such a long-running tug-of-war, I am inclined to argue that national governments should invest financial support in developing new energy sources.
Initially, spending more money in discovering new energy can radically solve the various environmental problems. As is common sense, the deteriorating environment is the result of the overexploitation of fossil fuels, including coal, oil and natural gas. To be specific, numerous chemical plants usually burn the coal to provide power for manufacturing all kinds of goods designed to satisfy the basic needs of the general public. As a result, a large amounts of industrial wastes are discharged to take a toll on the natural environment. Also, an increasing number of petrol-powered automobiles will definitely emit car exhaust (e.g. fumes and toxic gas), which can increase the likelihood of the public suffering from respiratory diseases. All the above problems related to environment can be resolved by find new and clean energy like solar energy, wind power and tidal power. Undoubtedly, replacing the traditional energy with the new ones can dramatically decrease the pollution and contamination, thus leading to a better living environment. For example, once the cars uses the electricity instead of petrol, the air quality will improve to a large extent.
Secondly, there are conspicuous limitation of the other two options. As for preserving natural places, the effect of this practice is relatively restricted. To illustrate, the traditional energy sources are usually exploited and discovered in the natural places. Consequently, the preservation of natural places will hinder the access to various energy and thus impede the progress of the whole society. Also, the same logic applies to passing laws to reduce pollution. It is an indisputable fact that across the globe, many countries now are heavily dependent on the industries and factories which produce pollutions. In other words, once the law of punishing these companies is enforced, these corporation may have to cut down their output and make less profits, even ending up going bankrupt. Accordingly, the national economy and the living standard of the public will suffer too.
Factoring what has been discussed above, we can conclude that funding research of environmental friendly energy will be more preferable, because finding proper alternative energy is the key to solving the environmental problems comprehensively.
2016年托?荚噄bt真題:聽力
C1:
大意:學(xué)生想上Smith的中世紀(jì)的文學(xué)課,但是人數(shù)已滿,學(xué)生問聽力中的教授可不可以簽字授權(quán)上Smith的課,教授說應(yīng)該不行,因?yàn)镾mith教授對(duì)政策很嚴(yán)格,除非有人放棄課程。后來教授問她是不是對(duì)中世紀(jì)文學(xué)很感興趣,學(xué)會(huì)說不是因?yàn)楦信d趣,而是因?yàn)閷W(xué)業(yè)要求,教授說他有一門英國文學(xué)課也是中世紀(jì)的。學(xué)生問她怎么沒看到,教授回答是因?yàn)楦臅r(shí)間了。學(xué)生最后問晚不晚,教授說現(xiàn)在報(bào)名不晚。
L1:
大意:關(guān)于Script, 講Script代表著口頭語言的文字信息。但是破譯(decipher)Script是一項(xiàng)很費(fèi)事的工作。后來引入U(xiǎn)garitic tablet, 這個(gè)概念應(yīng)該表示一種Script,后面重點(diǎn)講解對(duì)它的破譯。首先解釋了Ugaritic 有兩類,涉及到30 symbols. 它與其他語言的關(guān)系主要體現(xiàn)在和Ancient Hebrew存在關(guān)聯(lián)(重點(diǎn)!!!)對(duì)它的破譯用到five axes, 好像是結(jié)果只破譯了4個(gè)symbols.而且這種人工破譯耗時(shí)非常久。后來發(fā)明了一種電腦項(xiàng)目來破譯,只需要幾個(gè)小時(shí),這種破譯采取兩種方法,一個(gè)是與letters順序有關(guān),一個(gè)是words structure.后來表示教授的態(tài)度,他認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)破譯法不成功,而這種電腦破譯在建立語言的關(guān)聯(lián)性上是有突破性進(jìn)展的。
L2:
大意:講的是star對(duì)于planet起著支撐作用,planet有outward pressure 和inward pressure(即重力)從而形成平衡,后面主要講的是star消亡之后就會(huì)變成white dwarf, star在消亡的時(shí)候會(huì)expand,并且regiant,而且會(huì)釋放熱量,但是比太陽釋放的少,后面引入Pulsar的概念,講的是died Pulsar.在消亡的時(shí)候會(huì)爆炸。
C2:
大意:一個(gè)學(xué)生到教授這里找兼職,教授說共有二十多種兼職,但是很多已經(jīng)被選了,學(xué)生感到很驚訝,為什么這么快,教授解釋說因?yàn)樗现軟]有來。教授說有兩種工作現(xiàn)在她可以選擇,一個(gè)是bookstores position,但這個(gè)工作是比較routine的工作,另一個(gè)工作是電腦操作的工作,但是這個(gè)比較demanding,要求一些電腦技巧,學(xué)生回應(yīng)說高中的時(shí)候有做過志愿者工作,是關(guān)于操作電腦的,所以對(duì)她來講不難。后來教授就給了她一個(gè)電話號(hào)碼,應(yīng)該是讓她打個(gè)電話準(zhǔn)備面試。
L3:
大意:新的物種遷徙到某地的時(shí)候會(huì)影響到當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)系統(tǒng),后面重點(diǎn)講的是,澳大利亞草類入侵。一些人在移居澳大利亞的時(shí)候帶來的new grass,但是這些new grass不能適應(yīng)當(dāng)?shù)氐臉O端的環(huán)境。但是專家卻很喜歡這些新草類,以為當(dāng)?shù)氐牟蓊愂艿狡茐。后來問題是,這些新草類就像雜草,對(duì)當(dāng)?shù)氐牟輼?gòu)成威脅(crow out the native species), 因此當(dāng)?shù)卣膭?lì)民眾種植對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)有幫助的草,于是他們種植了一種叫weeping grass的草,是因?yàn)樗写罅康牡鞍踪|(zhì)(protein)。農(nóng)民并且將其引到市場(chǎng)上,這種草的優(yōu)點(diǎn):1. Hardy 2. Deep routs, 有望發(fā)展成為 pasture grass.
L4:
大意:講的是film history, 上節(jié)課講的是Classical movies, 這節(jié)課重點(diǎn)講的是Naturalism,他的先驅(qū)是William Bloch, 特點(diǎn)的是要求對(duì)每一句臺(tái)詞都要非常認(rèn)真嚴(yán)肅,在講完每一句臺(tái)詞時(shí)都要停下來,目的是醞釀下一句臺(tái)詞。在Naturalism之前,只需要排練三次,但是這個(gè)Naturalism,要排練二十多天,而且每次排練完還要準(zhǔn)備。后面講,Bloch是受到電影 Church and organ中女主表演的影響,她在表演的`時(shí)候音調(diào)多樣化,深情并茂的,每一句臺(tái)詞后都會(huì)停頓。但這部電影里還有一個(gè)男演員,主要利用手勢(shì)表達(dá)感情,體現(xiàn)了classical的結(jié)合。
C3:
大意:鳥的遷徙。男student: Professor, I hope to discuss my term paper with you. I got stuck in writing the paper on bird migration. I have difficulties in finding enough materials about bird migration. (老師,今兒,我想跟你說說我的學(xué)期論文的事兒。我卡住了,找不到這方面的資料。)
女Professor: You can’t find enough material on bird migration?(語調(diào)上揚(yáng),最后一題,重聽題的考點(diǎn)。)
男student: I want to write about early bird migration.( 要寫的paper是關(guān)于古代鳥類遷徙的,所以資料不夠。)
女Professor: “哦你確實(shí)找到了一個(gè)好的題目,但是你要知道我的要求是你們的論文要反映你們這學(xué)期學(xué)了什么。”
男 student: 想寫關(guān)于Aristotle關(guān)于這個(gè)題目的看法 etc.
女 Professor: I want you to apply what you’ve learned to your paper. (希望他們運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)研究來完成paper.) 不要只是做 summary or description. 我想要看到你的special analysis.
男 student: 但是,我覺得我找的資料中有錯(cuò)誤的。 (I think ….wrong)這就是為什么我不想用資料。
女 Professor: 你不要完全放棄以前找的資料(discard). 你可以換種想法,用rational 的方式。這就是我們說的critical thinking,不一定非要同意資料?梢詫懸郧暗(historically) old theory, 然后現(xiàn)在的這些新研究 (current research) 如何支持(support)或者駁斥這些theory.
男 student: 我想可以寫bird migrate at night。人們大多只看到大鳥,所以認(rèn)為小鳥在大鳥的翅膀下遷徙什么的,其實(shí)新發(fā)現(xiàn)是因?yàn)樾▲B晚上飛(通過說這個(gè)topic來驗(yàn)證自己理解了老師的意圖change the topic from ancient to recent)
女 Professor: That shows your thinking. (對(duì),這樣就是我們需要的思考能力)
男 student: 我想寫一種不遷徙而是冬眠的鳥。I want to write about the birds that do not migrate. They hibernate during winter.
女 Professor: 如果我是你,我就不會(huì)在一份15頁的論文中寫這么多。(If I were you , I would not….. The paper is 15 pages…)不過,想法挺不錯(cuò)。建議你以后每周(in a week)都來找我,看一下他寫論文的新的方向(new direction)進(jìn)行得如何。
L5
大意::教授一開始就介紹植物分類,提到分類中的species種,genus屬,order目。說植物的classification 很難,一些特性比較特殊的植物特別是這個(gè)樣子。提出植物的分類不能完全依靠它flower的形態(tài)和特性。提到Rafflesia(大王花),開花石會(huì)散發(fā)腐臭的味道,以吸引蠅類傳播花粉。但是Indonesia有一種植物M,它的flower很特別,超級(jí)大(圖片顯示它的直徑有一個(gè)手臂這么長,顏色為絳紅),有難聞的味道,最后發(fā)現(xiàn)他們不是一個(gè)order 的。
大王花生長在很惡劣的環(huán)境中,其它的植物都不能生長(題目一:它生長在什么樣的環(huán)境當(dāng)中?) 這種植物有食物的來源,但是它還是會(huì)抓insect吃,因?yàn)樗荒軓耐寥乐械玫阶銐虻臓I養(yǎng),所以要通過這種方式來獲取所需的營養(yǎng)(題目二:為什么吃蟲?)
然后教授說了它怎么抓蟲的。經(jīng)過很長時(shí)間的研究,專家發(fā)現(xiàn)它和violet(紫羅蘭)、willow(柳樹) 等是屬于一個(gè)order的,后提到幼時(shí)的violet,也會(huì)散發(fā)那種smell的。
提到共存(考題)。另一種南美洲的植物和它是同一目的,但是花很小,味道也不難聞,與藍(lán)莓共生coherent。學(xué)生提問不能測(cè)DNA嗎,教授說這種大花基本不進(jìn)行光合作用,沒法提取一般植物能提取到的DNA。在DNA分析技術(shù)成熟之前根本無法將他們并為同類,由于他們的特征差異太大。
教授還提到這種植物的交配不易,其一氣味難聞致使傳蜜的動(dòng)物不易接近,其二它每年只開一次花,且花分雌雄。所以要這么多先天條件湊齊不易,所以很少有人有機(jī)會(huì)看到開花的全過程(考題)。結(jié)論,不可以貌取人。
后來又講了這種花很有可能滅絕,原因是要fly幫忙運(yùn)花粉,要同種的花在一起等等,要這些條件同時(shí)發(fā)生,是小概率事件。
L6 :
大意:Ragtime介紹了一種流行于美國19世紀(jì)左右名為ragtime的音樂,能夠表現(xiàn)年青人的活力(spirit of youth)之類的,此樂流行是由于piano的關(guān)系,因?yàn)閮烧哒媸翘钆淞。在那個(gè)年代,在各種場(chǎng)合都用鋼琴。此樂當(dāng)時(shí)流行程度和Rock & Roll在某一時(shí)期一樣(這里出現(xiàn)考點(diǎn))。
女學(xué)生說了一堆后,來了一句 I just don’t get it,意思是要教授explain,還說piano 之所以當(dāng)時(shí)那么受歡迎,一是因?yàn)樗芘c音律產(chǎn)生和諧,另一是因?yàn)楫?dāng)時(shí)它算一種財(cái)富地位的象征symbol of wealth and status。再加上,那個(gè)年代,大家都沒錢,就去public concert or restaurant聽音樂,而piano聲音夠響亮,又和ragtime music rhythm搭配的天衣無縫,所以,兩者相得益彰這個(gè)音樂年輕人很喜歡,因?yàn)楹苡屑で。除了流?dòng)演出,park演出等不用鋼琴,因?yàn)殡y搬(出現(xiàn)考點(diǎn))because of transportation problem。 同時(shí),ragtime也是 jazz的前身,因?yàn)檠葑嗾卟话磁评沓雠,一首曲七個(gè)人彈,彈出七種調(diào)。這種ragtime音樂影響很遠(yuǎn)啊,例如現(xiàn)在的jazz就是從那發(fā)展來的。
托福聽力的備考攻略
1.托福聽力記筆記
對(duì)于有過托?荚嚱(jīng)驗(yàn)的同學(xué)來說,近年來托?荚囍凶兓畲蟮牟糠挚赡芫褪锹犃Σ糠至。除了更長的聽力時(shí)間、更難的文章深度以外,光是先聽再做盲聽的模式就夠很多考生頭疼的了。正是因?yàn)橛辛诉@些原因所以托福聽力筆記這個(gè)方法大家就更不能棄用,而且還要把它用好,平時(shí)練習(xí)的時(shí)候可以不限于聽力真題的音頻來練習(xí),可以通過SSS、科學(xué)美國人、VOA等資料來練習(xí)記筆記,效果應(yīng)該會(huì)很明顯。
2.托福聽力對(duì)話備考策略
托福聽力考試有兩種音頻形式即對(duì)話和講座,對(duì)于這兩部分內(nèi)容中,校園對(duì)話通常被認(rèn)為是最容易拿高分的部分,所以這可以做為考生前期備考托福的突破口。但某些考生往往在備考中后期發(fā)現(xiàn),對(duì)話的正確率往往又成為他們沖擊聽力高分過程中的絆腳石。所以考生需要從對(duì)話的考察點(diǎn)和相應(yīng)備考重點(diǎn)2個(gè)方面進(jìn)行備考,旨在幫助大家突破聽力對(duì)話瓶頸,為聽力部分得分打下堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。
3.托福聽力講座備考策略
托福聽力考試中有4篇講座內(nèi)容,很多同學(xué)在這部分失分最為嚴(yán)重。提到講座,學(xué)生普遍想到的第一個(gè)感觸就是:充滿著專業(yè)術(shù)語和長難句,文段六分鐘走神七八次。下面,筆者會(huì)帶著大家一起走進(jìn)托福聽力的講座,從三個(gè)方面逐個(gè)攻破這一“世紀(jì)難題”。要知道托福聽力的講座就如同大部分的學(xué)術(shù)文章,是遵循一定的邏輯順序的。把握好一篇學(xué)術(shù)文章的邏輯框架,會(huì)使我們聽力的時(shí)候重點(diǎn)更突出,有時(shí)甚至能幫我們直接定位出關(guān)鍵詞來答題,這就是眾多聽力老師所強(qiáng)調(diào)的“結(jié)構(gòu)聽力法”。
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