三八婦女節(jié)的來歷
3.8國際婦女節(jié)是全世界婦女的節(jié)日。這個(gè)日子是聯(lián)合國承認(rèn)的，同時(shí)也被很多國家確定為法定假日。下面是小編整理的關(guān)于三八婦女節(jié)的來歷，歡迎參考!
三八婦女節(jié)的來歷
International Women's Day (8 March) is an occasion marked by women's groups around the world. This date is also commemorated at the United Nations and is designated in many countries as a national holiday. When women on all continents, often divided by national boundaries and by ethnic, linguistic, cultural, economic and political differences, come together to celebrate their Day, they can look back to a tradition that represents at least nine decades of struggle for equality, justice, peace and development.
International Women's Day is the story of ordinary women as makers of history; it is rooted in the centuries-old struggle of women to participate in society on an equal footing with men. In ancient Greece, Lysistrata initiated a sexual strike against men in order to end war; during the French Revolution, Parisian women calling for "liberty, equality, fraternity" marched on Versailles to demand women's suffrage.
The idea of an International Women's Day first arose at the turn of the century, which in the industrialized world was a period of expansion and turbulence, booming population growth and radical ideologies. Following is a brief chronology of the most important events:
1909
In accordance with a declaration by the Socialist Party of America, the first National Woman's Day was observed across the United States on 28 February. Women continued to celebrate it on the last Sunday of that month through 1913.
1910
The Socialist International, meeting in Copenhagen, established a Women's Day, international in character, to honour the movement for women's rights and to assist in achieving universal suffrage for women. The proposal was greeted with unanimous approval by the conference of over 100 women from 17 countries, which included the first three women elected to the Finnish parliament. No fixed date was selected for the observance.
1911
As a result of the decision taken at Copenhagen the previous year, International Women's Day was marked for the first time (19 March) in Austria, Denmark, Germany and Switzerland, where more than one million women and men attended rallies. In addition to the right to vote and to hold public office, they demanded the right to work, to vocational training and to an end to discrimination on the job.
Less than a week later, on 25 March, the tragic Triangle Fire in New York City took the lives of more than 140 working girls, most of them Italian and Jewish immigrants. This event had a significant impact on labour legislation in the United States, and the working conditions leading up to the disaster were invoked during subsequent observances of International Women's Day.
1913-1914
As part of the peace movement brewing on the eve of World War I, Russian women observed their first International Women's Day on the last Sunday in February 1913. Elsewhere in Europe, on or around 8 March of the following year, women held rallies either to protest the war or to express solidarity with their sisters.
1917
With 2 million Russian soldiers dead in the war, Russian women again chose the last Sunday in February to strike for "bread and peace". Political leaders opposed the timing of the strike, but the women went on anyway. The rest is history: Four days later the Czar was forced to abdicate and the provisional Government granted women the right to vote. That historic Sunday fell on 23 February on the Julian calendar then in use in Russia, but on 8 March on the Gregorian calendar in use elsewhere.
Since those early years, International Women's Day has assumed a new global dimension for women in developed and developing countries alike. The growing international women's movement, which has been strengthened by four global United Nations women's conferences, has helped make the commemoration a rallying point for coordinated efforts to demand women's rights and participation in the political and economic process. Increasingly, International Women's Day is a time to reflect on progress made, to call for change and to celebrate acts of courage and determination by ordinary women who have played an extraordinary role in the history of women's rights.
The Role of the United Nations
Few causes promoted by the United Nations have generated more intense and widespread support than the campaign to promote and protect the equal rights of women. The Charter of the United Nations, signed in San Francisco in 1945, was the first international agreement to proclaim gender equality as a fundamental human right. Since then, the Organization has helped create a historic legacy of internationally agreed strategies, standards, programmes and goals to advance the status of women worldwide.
Over the years, United Nations action for the advancement of women has taken four clear directions: promotion of legal measures; mobilization of public opinion and international action; training and research, including the compilation of gender desegregated statistics; and direct assistance to disadvantaged groups. Today a central organizing principle of the work of the United Nations is that no enduring solution to society's most threatening social, economic and political problems can be found without the full participation, and the full empowerment, of the world's women.
三八婦女節(jié)的資料
婦女節(jié)由來
國際勞動(dòng)?jì)D女節(jié)的全稱是“聯(lián)合國婦女權(quán)益和國際和平日”，在中國又稱“國際婦女節(jié)”、“三八節(jié)”和“三八婦女節(jié)”。從1909年3月8日，美國芝加哥婦女爭取“男女平等”游行集會(huì)以來，至今已走過了百余年歷程。中國婦女和世界各國婦女一樣，都為國家獨(dú)立、解放、革命、建設(shè)作出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)和犧牲，為世界和平和人類發(fā)展進(jìn)步做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)和犧牲。涌現(xiàn)出了數(shù)以萬計(jì)的巾幗英雄和“三八紅旗手”。黨和政府為維護(hù)保護(hù)廣大婦女的合法權(quán)益，制定了較完善的法律法規(guī)和規(guī)章制度。
婦女節(jié)發(fā)展歷程
1909年3月8日，美國芝加哥女工團(tuán)要求男女平等權(quán)利而舉行示威，1910年8月，在丹麥?zhǔn)锥几绫竟匍_了國際社會(huì)主義者第二次婦女代表大會(huì)。出席會(huì)議的有17個(gè)國家的代表，會(huì)議討論的主要問題是反對(duì)帝國主義擴(kuò)軍備戰(zhàn)，保衛(wèi)世界和平;同時(shí)還討論了保護(hù)婦女兒童的權(quán)利，爭取8小時(shí)工作制和婦女選舉權(quán)問題。領(lǐng)導(dǎo)這次會(huì)議的著名德國社會(huì)主義革命家、杰出的共產(chǎn)主義戰(zhàn)士克拉拉·蔡特金倡議，以每年的3月8日作為全世界婦女的斗爭日，得到與會(huì)代表的一致?lián)碜o(hù)。從此以后，“三八”婦女節(jié)就成為世界婦女爭取權(quán)利、爭取解放的節(jié)日。
故1911年的3月8日為第一個(gè)國際勞動(dòng)?jì)D女節(jié)。
1917年3月8日，俄國彼得格勒的女工，勇敢地舉起了“三八”節(jié)的戰(zhàn)斗紅旗，舉行了反對(duì)帝國主義戰(zhàn)爭、反對(duì)沙皇制度、反對(duì)饑餓的'游行示威。
中國婦女第一次舉行“三八”節(jié)紀(jì)念活動(dòng)是在1924年，在中國共產(chǎn)黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，廣州勞動(dòng)?jì)D女舉行紀(jì)念會(huì)和游行。會(huì)議由中國婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)的先驅(qū)何香凝主持，會(huì)上提出了“打倒帝國主義”、“保護(hù)婦女兒童”的口號(hào)。這次活動(dòng)顯示了中國勞動(dòng)?jì)D女的覺醒和力量。
1938年3月8日，宋美齡動(dòng)員婦女積極參與抗戰(zhàn)救國。
紀(jì)念意義
國際勞動(dòng)?jì)D女節(jié) (International Working Women's Day) 又稱“聯(lián)合國婦女權(quán)益和國際和平日”(U.N. Day for Women's Rights and International Peace)或“三八”婦女節(jié)，是全世界勞動(dòng)?jì)D女團(tuán)結(jié)戰(zhàn)斗的光輝節(jié)日。
每年的3月8日為慶祝婦女在經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和社會(huì)等領(lǐng)域做出的重要貢獻(xiàn)和取得的巨大成就而設(shè)立的節(jié)日。同時(shí)，也是為了紀(jì)念在1911年美國紐約三角工廠火災(zāi)中喪生的140多名女工。
歷史意義
3.8國際婦女節(jié)是全世界婦女的節(jié)日。這個(gè)日子是聯(lián)合國承認(rèn)的，同時(shí)也被很多國家確定為法定假日。來自五 湖四海的婦女們，盡管被不同的國界、種族、語言、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治所區(qū)分，但在這一天能夠同時(shí)慶祝屬于自己的節(jié)日。讓我們再回首那九十年前的為得到平等、公正、和平以及發(fā)展所做出的斗爭。
國際婦女節(jié)是婦女創(chuàng)造歷史的見證，婦女為爭取與男性平等所走的斗爭道路十分漫長。古希臘的莉西斯特拉塔就領(lǐng)導(dǎo)了婦女斗爭來阻止戰(zhàn)爭;法國革命時(shí)期，巴黎婦女高呼“自由，平等，友愛”，走上凡爾賽的街頭爭取選舉權(quán)。
在這一天，世界各大洲的婦女，不分國籍、種族、語言、文化、經(jīng)濟(jì)和政治的差異，共同關(guān)注婦女的人權(quán)。近幾十年來，聯(lián)合國的四次全球性會(huì)議加強(qiáng)了國際婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)，隨著國際婦女運(yùn)動(dòng)的成長，婦女節(jié)取得了全球性的意義。這些進(jìn)展使國際婦女節(jié)成為團(tuán)結(jié)一致、協(xié)調(diào)努力要求歸還婦女權(quán)利和婦女參與政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)生活的權(quán)利的日子。
相關(guān)法規(guī)
根據(jù)國務(wù)院發(fā)布的《全國年節(jié)及紀(jì)念日放假辦法》(國務(wù)院令第270號(hào))第三條規(guī)定：婦女節(jié)(3月8日)屬于部分公民放假的節(jié)日及紀(jì)念日，婦女放假半天。
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