英語基礎語法知識大全
上學期間,大家都沒少背知識點吧?知識點是指某個模塊知識的重點、核心內(nèi)容、關鍵部分。還在為沒有系統(tǒng)的知識點而發(fā)愁嗎?以下是小編幫大家整理的英語基礎語法知識大全,供大家參考借鑒,希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友。
英語基礎語法知識 1
a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)
agree with sb 贊成某人
all kinds of 各種各樣 a kind of 一樣
all over the world = the whole world 整個 世界
along with同……一道,伴隨…… eg : Iwill go along with you我將和你一起去
the students planted trees along with their teachers 學生同老師們一起種樹
As soon as 一怎么樣就怎么樣
as you can see 你是知道的
ask for ……求助 向…要…(直接接想要的東西) eg : ask you for my book
ask sb for sth 向某人什么
ask sb to do sth 詢問某人某事 ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事
at the age of 在……歲時 eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen
at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的開始
at the end of +地點/+時間 最后;盡頭;末尾 eg : At the end of the day
at this time of year 在每年的這個時候
be /feel confident of sth /that clause +從句 感覺/對什么有信心,自信
eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test
be + doing 表: 現(xiàn)在進行時 將來時
be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原) 能夠…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing
be able to do sth 能夠干什么 eg :she is able to sing
be afraid to do (of sth 恐懼,害怕…… eg : Im afraed togo out at night Im afraid of dog
be allowed to do 被允許做什么
eg: Im allowed to watch TV 我被允許看電視 I should be allowedto watch TV 我應該被允許看電視
be angry with sb 生某人的氣 eg : Dont be angry with me
be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 為什么而生某人的氣
be as…原級…as 和什么一樣 eg : Sheis as tall as me 她和我一樣高
be ashamed to
be away from 遠離
be away from 從……離開
be bad for 對什么有害 eg : Reading books in the sun isbad for your eyes 在太陽下看書對你的眼睛不好
be born 出生于
be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事 be busy with sth 忙于……
be careful 當心;小心
be different from…… 和什么不一樣
be famous for 以……著名
befriendly to sb 對某人友好
be from = come from 來自 eg :Heis from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come fromBejing ?
be full of 裝滿……的 be filledwith 充滿 eg: the glass is full of water the glass isfilled with water
be glad+to+do/從句
be going to + v(原) 將來時
be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善長, 善于……
be good for 對什么有好處 eg : Reading aloud is good foryour English
be happy to do 很高興做某事
be helpful to sb 對某人有好處
eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大聲朗讀對你有好處
Exercising is helpful to your bady 鍛煉對你的身體有好處
be in good health 身體健康
be in trouble 處于困難中 eg : She is in trouble They arein tronble
be interested in 對某方面感興趣
be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事
be the same as … 和什么一樣
be used to doing sth 習慣做某事
eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸習慣早He isused to sleeping in class 他習慣上課睡覺
be worth doing 值得做什么
be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物 be afraid that 叢句
because+句子 because of +短語
eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache
begin to do = start to do 開始做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以什么開始什么
eg : Lets begin the game with the song I begin to go home
between…and… 兩者之間
borrow sth from sb 向……借……lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借給……什么東西
eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen
both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同
bother 打擾 bother sb to do sth
eg : Im sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station
我十分道歉打擾你,但是你能告訴我怎么去車站
the problem has been bothering me for weeks 這個問題困擾了我?guī)讉周了
Hes bothering me to lend him money
by the end of 到……為止
callsb sth eg : We call him old wang
care 關心 eg : Dont you care about this countrysfuture ?你為什么不關心國家的未來
catch up with sb 趕上某人
chat with sb 和某人閑談 take sb to + 地點 帶某人去某地
come in 進
come over to 過來
come up with 提出 eg: Can you come up with a good idea你能想出一個好辦法嗎?
communicate with sb 和某人交流
consider + doing 考慮做什么 eg : Why not consider goingto lu zhou 為什么不考慮去瀘州?
dance to 隨著……跳舞 eg : Shelikes dancing to the music 她喜歡隨著音樂跳舞
decide to do sth 決定做某事
do a survey of 做某方面的調查
do better in 在……方面做得更好
do wrong 做錯
Dont forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事
Dont mind +doing /從句 /名詞 不要介意……
each +名(單)每一個…eg : Each student has many books 每一個學生都有一些書
end up +doing
enjoy +doing喜歡
escape from 從……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人從監(jiān)獄里逃跑出來
expect to do sth 期待做某事
fall down 摔下來 fall off 從哪摔下來
fall in love with sb/sth 愛上什么
far from 離某地遠 eg : The school is far from my home
find +it +adj +to do 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事怎么樣
find sb/sth +adj 發(fā)現(xiàn)什么怎么樣 eg : I find the bookinteresting
finish 完成+doing(名詞)
fit to sb = be fit for sb 適合某人
forget to do 沒有做而忘了 forget doing 做了而又忘了 eg: Dont forget to gohome I forget closing door
from…to… 從某某到某某 eg: Fromme for her
get /have sth down 做完,被(別人)做…eg: I have my hair cut我理了發(fā)(頭發(fā)被剪了)
Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 湯母把他的壞牙拔掉了(被牙醫(yī)拔掉了)
get a part-time job= find a part-time job
get along well with sb = geton well with sb 與某人相處得好
get along with sb = get on with sb 與某人相處
getready for = be ready for為什么而準備eg : I get ready for mathI am ready for math
get sb in to trouble 給某人麻煩
get sb to do sth
get…from… 從某處得到某物
give a talk 做報告 eg: He is give a tall
give sth to sb give sb sth 給某人某物
go fish 釣魚 go swimming 游泳
go on to do 去做下一件事 go on doing 繼續(xù)做這件事
go out away from go out of
go to school 上學(用于專業(yè)的)go to the school 去學校(不一定是上學)
good way to 好方法
hate to do 討厭沒做過的事 hate doing 討厭做過的.事
have a party for sb 舉辦誰的晚會
have a talk 聽報告談一談
have been doing 現(xiàn)在完成進行時 eg : You have been talkingYou have been sleeping since
have been to …( 地方)……去過某過地方have gone to …(地方) 去了某地還沒回來
have fun +doing 玩得高興
have sth to do 有什么事要做
eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作業(yè)要做 I havenothing to do 我沒什么事情做
have to do sth 必須做某事
have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻煩
have…time +doing
have…(時間)…off 放……假 eg: I have month off 我請一個月得假
hear sb +do/doing 聽見某人做某事/正在做某事
be late for = come late to 遲到 eg: Be late for class 上課遲到
be like 像…… eg : Im like my mother
be mad at 生某人的氣
be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不見原材料)
be made of 由……制成(制成以后還看得見原材料)
be not sure 表不確定
be on a visit to 參觀
be popular with sb 受某人歡迎
be quiet 安靜
be short for 表**的縮寫 eg: 陶 is shortfor 陶俊杰
be sick in bed 生病在床
be sorry to do sth be sorryfor sb eg : I am sorry for you
be sorry to hear that
be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you
be strict in doing sth 嚴于做某事 eg : Hes strict inobeying noles
be strict with sb 對某人要求嚴格 eg: Some students are notstrict with them selves 這些學生對自己不嚴格
be strict with sb in sth 某方面對某人嚴格
be supposed todo 被要求干什么
be sure 表確定
be sure of doing sth 對做某事有信心 eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well
be sure of sth 對做某事有信心 eg: Im sure of my head (myteacher 我相信我的大腦(老師)
be sure that sth 對做某事有信心 eg: Im suer that he canpass the test 我相信他能通過考試
be sure to do sth一定會做某事eg: We are sure to pass thetest 我們一定會通過這次考試 We are sure to learn English well 我們一定能學好英語
be terrified of + 名/動doing 害怕……
help a lot 很大用處
help sb with sth \ones sth 幫助某人某事(某方面) help sb(to) do sth 幫助某人做某事
hope to do sth 希望做某事
How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)
how do you like = what do you think of 你對什么的看法
if : 是否=wether
eg: I dont know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否應該去參加晚會
He dont know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我們明天早上是否能準時到達
if :如果,假如(全部接一般時態(tài))+條件語態(tài)從句
eg: Ill go to LuZhou if it doest rain 假如明天不下雨,我就去瀘州
If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他們要改變計劃,他們會讓我知道的
Ill go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足夠的錢,我就要去英國
in ones opinion = sb think 某人認為
in some ways 在某些方面
in the end = finally(adv) 最后
in the north of… 什么在什么的北方 (north 北 sowth 南 west 西 east東 )
in the sun 在太陽下
increase 增加
eg : Theyve increased the prece of petrol by % 他們把石油價增加了%
the population has increased from million ten years ago to million now
instead of +(名 ) 代替
eg: Id like an apple instead of a pear 我想要蘋果,而不要梨子
I like English instead of math 我喜歡英語而不喜歡數(shù)學
introduce sb to sb 介紹某人給某人 introduce oneself 自我介紹
invite sb to do sth 邀請某人做某事
It takes sb sometime to do sth 做某人花掉某人多少時間
eg : It took me minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook
Its +adj +for sb to do sth 對某人來說做某事怎么樣
Its +adj +to do 做某事怎么樣
Its +adj for sb 對于某人來說怎么樣 Its +adj of sb 對某人來說太怎么樣
Its +adj(for sb) to do(對某人來說) 做某事怎么樣 Its +adj ofsb to do sth 對某人來說做某事太怎么樣
eg : Its nice of you to help me with my English
Its a good idea for sb to do sth 對…… 來說是個好主意
Its important to sb 對某人來說很重要 eg: Its important tome
Its time to do sth Its time for sth 到了該去做某事的時間
eg : Its time to have class Its time for class 該去上課了
join = take part in 參加
just now 剛才
keep +sb /sth +adj /介詞短語 讓什么保持什么樣?
keep out 不讓 …… 進入
keep sb adj 讓……保持…… eg: Iwant to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康
key to +名詞 表示:某物的鑰匙或某題的答案
key to… anser to … key 可以是答題或鑰匙
laugh at… 取笑…… eg : Dont langh at others Welanghed at the joke
learn by oneslfe 自學
learn from sb 向某人學習 eg: We should learn from LeiFeng
learn to do sth 學做某事
let sb do sth 讓某人做某事
Let sb down 讓某人失望 eg : Weshouldnt let our farents down 我們不應該讓我們的父母失望
live from :離某地遠
live in +大地方 /at +小地方 居住在某地eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan
look after = take care of 照顧 照看
lose ones way 誰 迷 路 eg : Lose your way 你迷路
英語基礎語法知識 2
句子的種類可分為陳述句、疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句。
1. 凡是說明一件事情,提出一個看法,或者表達一種心情的句子都是陳述句。大多數(shù)的句子都是陳述句,它可以用肯定式和否定式,句末用句號".",通常用降調。
掌握陳述句的肯定式和否定式的構成及用法。
e.g. We live in Tianjin. (肯定句)我們住在天津。
We dont live in Shanghai. (否定句)我們不住在上海。
注意:(1)在一般現(xiàn)在時的肯定式中,主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時,動詞要改成第三人稱單數(shù)形式。
e.g. John studies Chinese very well.
。2)一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的否定式要加助動詞do (does), did.
e.g. I dont like swimming. 我不喜歡游泳。
He doesnt have lunch at home every day. 他每天不在家吃午飯。
They didnt play football yesterday. 他們昨天沒有踢足球。
2. 掌握一般疑問句、特殊疑問句、選擇疑問句和反意疑問句的構成、用法和答語。注意在一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的疑問句要加助動詞do(does), did.
e.g. Do you often speak English at school ? 在學校你常講英語嗎?
Does she have a brother ? = Has she got a brother ? 她有兄弟嗎?
Did it take you two hours to do your homework last night ?
昨天晚上做作業(yè)花了你2個小時嗎?
What do you often do on Sundays ?
星期日你常常干什么?
When does your father get up every morning ?
你父親每天早晨幾點鐘起床?
Why didnt your teacher come to school yesterday ?
昨天你們的老師為什么沒來學校呢?
提出兩種或兩種以上的情況,要求對方選擇一種,這種疑問句叫選擇疑問句。結構是:"一般疑問句+or+一般疑問句",但常把后一部分里面和前一部分相同的成分省略。說明or前面部分用升調,后面部分用降調。
e.g. Is her brother an artist or a doctor ?
她的兄弟是一個藝術家還是個醫(yī)生?
Would you like tea or coffee ?
你愿意喝茶還是喝咖啡?
Shall we go to the cinema on Saturday or on Sunday ?
我們是周六還是周日去電影院?
反意疑問句表示提問者有一定的主見,但沒把握,希望對方來證實。
注意反意疑問句的結構是:肯定的陳述句+否定的疑問句(縮略形式)
或:否定的陳述句+肯定的疑問句(縮略形式)
兩部分的.人稱和時態(tài)要一致。
特別要注意否定的疑問句中的助動詞必須縮寫,主語(最后一個詞)必須是代詞而不能是名詞。
e.g. Your sister has ever been to Shanghai , hasnt she ?
你姐姐曾經(jīng)去過上海是嗎?
The boys didnt find anything , did they ?
男孩子們什么也沒找到/發(fā)現(xiàn),是不是?
在回答反意疑問句時,要根據(jù)事實而定,事實是肯定的要回答Yes , …,事實是否定的要回答No, ….
e.g. He isnt going to the meeting , is he ?
他不去參加會,是嗎?
Yes , he is . 不,他要去。
No , he isnt. 是的/對,他不去。
It didnt snow last week , did it ?
上周沒有下雪,對嗎?
Yes , it did. / No , it didnt. 不,下雪了。是的,沒下雪。
3. 掌握祈使句的肯定式和否定式。祈使句沒有主語。指讓對方做某事,動詞要用原形。表示請求,命令、建議等。
e.g. Go back to your seat , please. 請回到你的座位上去。
Dont make so much noise. 不要吵吵鬧鬧。
Lets go to school together ! 咱們一起上學去吧!
。╨ets是含有第一人稱主語的祈使句)
Let him help the child. 讓他幫助那個孩子。(let him是含有第三人稱主語的祈使句)
注意:否定形式是Lets (us , me)+not +動詞原形
e.g. Lets not say anything about it.
對于這件事,咱們什么也不要說了。
4. 表示喜怒哀樂等強烈感情時用感嘆句,理解由What和How引導的感嘆句的語序和感嘆句的使用方法。How和What與所修飾的詞放在句首,其它部分用陳述句語序。在口語中謂語常省略。
。1)how作狀語,修飾形容詞,副詞或動詞
結構:How+形容詞/副詞+主語+謂語
How nice the flowers are ! 花多漂亮!
How hard he works ! 他工作的多努力!
(2)what作賓語,修飾名詞(名詞前可有其他定語),單詞可數(shù)名詞前要加不定冠詞a(an).
結構:What a (an)+形容詞+名詞+主語+謂語
e.g. What a clever girl (she is )!
她是一個多么聰明的女孩。
What delicious food ! 多么好吃的食物!
句子的類型可分為簡單句、并列句和復合句。
簡單句:The Simple Sentence由一個主語(或并列主語)和一個謂語(或并列謂語)構成的句子。
e.g. I get up at six thirty in the morning.
My mother and I often go shopping.
并列句:The Compound Sentence 由并列詞and , so , but , or等)把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起而構成的句子。要掌握并列句的構成及用法。
e.g. I help him and he helps me. 我?guī)退麕臀摇?/p>
This is our first lesson , so I dont know all your names.
這是我們的第一節(jié)課,所以我不認識你們。
She likes bread and milk , but she doesnt like eggs at all.
她喜歡吃面包和牛奶,但她一點兒也不喜歡吃雞蛋。
復合句:The Complex Sentence 由一個主句和一個或一個以上的從句構成的句子。
e.g. If you are ill , you must see the doctor.
如果你病了,一定要去看醫(yī)生。(狀語從句)
I hope hes better tomorrow.
我希望他明天身體更好一些。(賓語從句)
熟練掌握賓語從句的語序及關聯(lián)詞that , if / whether , what , who , which , whose , when , what time , where , how 等的用法,以及賓語從句的時態(tài)。
在復合句中作主句的賓語,叫賓語從句。
注意:賓語從句的語序必須是陳述句語序。
e.g. I asked him if he was a student.
賓語從句的時態(tài)呼應是:主句的時態(tài)是一般現(xiàn)在時,從句可以是任何一個時態(tài)。
如果主句的時態(tài)是一般過去時,從句必須是過去時態(tài)的一種形式。
當表示事實、真理、自然現(xiàn)象時必須用一般現(xiàn)在時。
e.g. The teacher told us that the earth goes around the sun.
老師告訴我們地球圍繞太陽轉。
請注意防止出現(xiàn)以下錯誤:
A. They said that theyll leave if Peter stays.
時態(tài)錯誤,應改為:They said that they would leave if Peter stayed.
B. He asked why were you late for school.
語序錯誤,應改為:He asked why you were late for school .
C. Her brother asked me whose book this was ?
標點錯誤,問號應該改為句號。
熟練掌握由when , before , after , as soon as , until , because , than , if , so …that等詞引導的時間、原因,比較,條件、結果狀語從句。
在復合句中修飾主句中的動詞,形容詞或副詞等的從句叫作狀語從句。
時間狀語從句:
When she reached home , she had a short rest.
當她到家時,她休息了一會兒。
Judy had finished writing the book before she went to Queensland.
朱娣在去昆士蘭之前已經(jīng)寫完了那本書。
I went to bed after I finished my article.
我寫完文章之后才上床。
As soon as the bell rang the students, stopped talking to each other.
鈴聲一響,學生們就停止了談話。
We wont leave until the headteacher comes back.
班主任回來我們才會離開。
原因狀語從句:
The children went to the farm , because the farmers needed some help.
孩子們?nèi)マr(nóng)場是因為農(nóng)民們需要幫忙。
比較狀語從句:Jim is older than Lucy is.
吉姆比露西大。
條件狀語從句:
If it rains tomorrow , we wont hold a sports meeting on the sportsground .
如果明天下雨,我們就不在運動場上開運動會了。
結果狀語從句:
The box is so heavy that I cant lift it.
這個箱子太沉以致于我無法抬起來。
目的狀語從句:
The headmaster spoke loudly so that all the students could hear what he said.
校長高聲講話為的是全體學生能夠聽到他所講的話。
讓步狀語從句:
Although he is young , he knows a lot of things.
雖然他年齡小,但卻認識許多事情。
狀語從句的時態(tài)要與主句時態(tài)相互呼應。但要注意以as soon as , when , until等引導的時間狀語從句表示將來的動作時,從句要用一般現(xiàn)在時表示將來。
e.g. He will write to me as soon as he gets to America.
他一到美國就給我寫信。
When I see him , I will tell him this good news.
當我見到他時,我將告訴他這個好消息。
We wont leave until we finish our homework .
直到完成作業(yè)我們才會離開。
以if引導的條件狀語從句假設的是將來的動作,主句用一般將來時,從句用一般現(xiàn)在時。
e.g. He will come to see me if he has time. 如果條件狀語從句放在賓語從句中,時態(tài)則依照賓語從句的要求而變。
e.g. My mother said she would buy me a book if I studied hard.
我母親說如果我努力學習,她要給我買一本書。
以because引導的原因狀語從句不可能和so一起連用。
e.g. He didnt come to school yesterday because he was ill.
他昨天沒來學校,因為他生病了。
注意防止出現(xiàn)以下錯誤:
A. Im sure hell ring you up if he will come back.
從句時態(tài)錯誤,will come應該改為comes.
B. Because he was tired , so he went to bed very early.
中文習慣用"因為……所以……",但在英語中because不能和so同時使用,應該去掉其中的一個。
英語基礎語法知識 3
1、 動詞:行為動詞、be動詞、情態(tài)動詞。
(1)行為動詞 原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing,具體判斷方法如下:
(2)be動詞
a、Am--was Is --was Are--were
口訣:我用am, 你用are, is用在他她它,所有復數(shù)全用are。
b、肯定和否定句
I am (not) from London.
He /She is(not) a teacher. My hair is(not) long.
Her eyes are(not) small.
c、 一般疑問句
Am I …? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
Are you/they…? Yes,we/ they are. No,we/ they aren’t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
is、am、are為一類,一般用于一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在進行時和一般將來時中。 was和were為另一類,一般用于一般過去時。
(3)情態(tài)動詞 can、must、should、would、may。
情態(tài)動詞后動詞總是用原形。(不受其他任何條件影響)
2、 名詞
這里強調兩點:不可數(shù)名詞都默認為單數(shù),所以總是用is或者was。
如何加后綴:
a.一般情況下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
b.以s. x. sh. ch結尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
c.以“輔音字母+y”結尾,變y為i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries
d.以“f或fe”結尾,變f或fe為v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives
e.不規(guī)則名詞復數(shù): man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
3、 形容詞(包括副詞)
形容詞表示某一事物或的特征,副詞表示某一動作的特征。
形容詞和副詞只有兩種形式:原形和+er。 未作比較的情況下就用原形,比較時就+er。
兩個重要特征:as……as中間一定用原形,有than的時候一定+er。
4、 人稱代詞和物主代詞
人稱代詞: 有主格和賓格之分。 一般動詞前用主格,動詞后用賓格。 物主代詞: 有兩類:形容詞性物主代詞(短的)和名詞性物主代詞(長的) 一般看后面有沒有名詞,如有,就用形容詞性物主代詞(短的`);如無,就用名詞性物主代詞(長的)。
5、 數(shù)量詞
我們學過兩類:基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞;鶖(shù)用于表示數(shù)量多少,而基數(shù)詞用于表示次序,常在日期中出現(xiàn)。序數(shù)詞的前面一般都加the。
6、冠詞
有a、an、the。a和an的區(qū)別:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前,a用于輔音音素前。
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