2017年托福閱讀強化訓練題

　　我們知道，想要順利拿下托福閱讀理解，大量的練習是少不了的。下面，小編就為大家送上一篇2017年托福閱讀強化訓練題。

　　What unusual or unique biological trait led to the remarkable diversification and unchallenged success of the ants for ever 50 million years? The answer appears to be that they were the first group of predatory eusocial insects that both lived and foraged primarily in the soil and in rotting vegetation on the ground. Eusocial refers to a form of insect society characterized by specialization of tasks and cooperative care of the young; it is rare among insects. Richly organized colonies of the land made possible by eusociality enjoy several key advantages over solitary individuals.

　　Under most circumstances groups of workers are better able to forage for food and defend the nest, because they can switch from individual to group response and back again swiftly and according to need. When a food object or nest intruder is too large for one individual to handle, nestmates can be quickly assembled by alarm or recruitment signals. Equally important is the fact that the execution of multiple-step tasks is accomplished in a series-parallel sequence. That is, individual ants can specialize in particular steps, moving from one object (such as a larva to be fed) to another (a second larva to be fed). They do not need to carry each task to completion from start to finish — for example, to check the larva first, then collect the food, then feed the larva. Hence, if each link in the chain has many workers in attendance, a series directed at any particular object is less likely to fail. Moreover, ants specializing in particular labor categories typically constitute a caste specialized by age or body form or both. There has been some documentation of the superiority in performance and net energetic yield of various castes for their modal tasks, although careful experimental studies are still relatively few.

　　What makes ants unusual in the company of eusocial insects is the fact that they are the only eusocial predators (predators are animals that capture and feed on other animals) occupying the soil and ground litter. The eusocial termites live in the same places as ants and also have wingless workers, but they feed almost exclusively on dead vegetation.

　　1. Which of the following questions does the passage primarily answer?

　　(A) How do individual ants adapt to specialized tasks?

　　(B) What are the differences between social and solitary insects?

　　(C) Why are ants predators?

　　(D) Why have ants been able to thrive for such a long time?

　　2. The word "unique" in line 1 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) inherited

　　(B) habitual

　　(C) singular

　　(D) natural

　　3. The word "rotting" in line 4 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) decaying

　　(B) collected

　　(C) expanding

　　(D) cultivated

　　4. The word "key" in line 7 is closest in meaning to

　　(A) uncommon

　　(B) important

　　(C) incidental

　　(D) temporary

　　5. According to the passage , one thing eusocial insects can do is rapidly switch from

　　(A) one type of food consumption to another

　　(B) one environment to another

　　(C) a solitary task to a group task

　　(D) a defensive to an offensive stance

　　6. The task of feeding larvae is mentioned in the passage to demonstrate

　　(A) the advantages of specialization

　　(B) the type of food that larvae are fed

　　(C) the ways ant colonies train their young for adult tasks

　　(D) the different stages of ant development

　　7. The author uses the word "Hence" in line 16 to indicate

　　(A) a logical conclusion

　　(B) the next step in a senes of steps

　　(C) a reason for further study

　　(D) the relationship among ants

　　8. All of the following terms art defined in the passage EXCEPT

　　(A) eusocial (line 3)

　　(B) series-parallel sequence (line 13)

　　(C) caste (line 19)

　　(D) predators (line 23)

　　9. The word "they" in line 25 refers to

　　(A) termites

　　(B) ants

　　(C) places

　　(D) predators

　　10. It can be inferred from the passage that one main difference between termites and ants is that termites

　　(A) live above ground

　　(B) are eusocial

　　(C) protect their nests

　　(D) eat almost no animal substances

　　參考答案：DCABC AACAD

　　附：托福閱讀理解的做題誤區(qū)

　　考生做舊托福考試(TOEFL)閱讀或者平時的閱讀練習時，時常表現(xiàn)出一些不良的做題習慣。有些考生讀文章時喜歡在試題上劃線，似乎不做記號，閱讀就無法進行，思維就停止活動。不過在新托福網(wǎng)絡考試中，考生面對電腦就做不了任何標志記號。

　　有些考生文章根本不讀完，直接做題。這種方法相當于瞎子摸象，對文章只有局部的感覺，整個文章的概念無法獲得。要提醒考生的是，近年考試中針對整個文章提問的題量有所增加。所以，這種不看文章直接做題的方法是極其危險的。

　　有些考生則喜歡把文章一字不漏地細讀之后再做題。這種方法僅適合于兩種情況，其一，考生已具備相當?shù)拈喿x水平，長期以來運用這種方法效果甚佳;其二，某一篇具體的文章是考生所熟悉的內(nèi)容，細讀文章并不會花太多的時間。一般來說，大部分考生采用細讀文章方法，做題時間嚴重不足。考生不應該忘記，閱讀理解測試速度和理解兩個方面。

　　在做詞匯題時，許多考生認為做不對題與自己的詞匯量有關，認識單詞能做對，不認識單詞就會做錯。事實上，那些認識的單詞經(jīng)常做錯，不認識的單詞反而能做對。原因是，做不認識單詞時，考生會仔細研讀詞匯題的上下文，力求在上下文中突破。而做認識單詞時，忽略上下文的重要性，往往是裝模作樣的看一下上下文，便匆匆做出抉擇。所以，做好詞匯題關鍵在于透徹分析上下文--詞匯題的句子以及上下一句話，有時候，個別詞匯題也許需要在文章其他段落尋找線索。

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