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公共英語pets二級(jí)語法基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)
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延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞
1)用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別
延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷; 瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié) 果,不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語連用。
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。 (表結(jié)果)
I've known him since then. 我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。(表經(jīng)歷)
2)用于till/until從句的差異
延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……" 瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句,表示"到……,才……"
He didn't come back until ten o'clock.
他到10 點(diǎn)才回來。
He slept until ten o'clock.
他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。
典型例題
1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.
A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet
答案B. 首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響,我知道她的模樣,你不用描述。再次,several times告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。
2.——I'm sorry to keep you waiting.
——Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.
A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be
答案A. 等待的動(dòng)作由過去開始,持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)
過去完成時(shí)
1) 概念:
表示過去的過去
其構(gòu)成是had +過去分詞構(gòu)成。
那時(shí)以前 那時(shí) 現(xiàn)在
2) 用法
a.在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
b. 狀語從句
在過去不同時(shí)間發(fā)生的兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中,發(fā)生在先,用過去完成時(shí);發(fā)生在后,用一般過去時(shí)。
When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.
c. 表示意向的動(dòng)詞,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用過去完成時(shí)表示"原本…,未能…"
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
3)過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:
before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as.
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left.
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