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最新商業(yè)托福試題閱讀中級(jí)備考訓(xùn)練
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task 1
女巫的超前思維
親愛的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家：
Dear Economist,
有一個(gè)關(guān)于古羅馬末代君王塔爾坎(Tarquin)的傳說。一位老女巫走到塔爾坎面前，提出以高昂的價(jià)格賣給他9本預(yù)言書。塔爾坎對(duì)這一提議不以為然。女巫燒毀了其中的3本書，然后提出以原價(jià)賣給他剩下的6本。塔爾坎再次拒絕了。
There is a legend about the last king of the Romans, Tarquin. An old witch came to Tarquin, and offered to sell him nine books of prophecy at an exorbitant price. Tarquin laughed at the offer. The witch burned three of the books, and then offered to sell him the remaining six for the original price. Tarquin refused again.
女巫又燒毀了3本，然后同樣以最初9本的價(jià)格向塔爾坎出售剩下的3本。這一次，塔爾坎擔(dān)心自己可能會(huì)錯(cuò)失一些寶貴的東西，于是以女巫索要的價(jià)格買下了剩余3本書。這反映了什么樣的需求曲線呢?
The witch burned three more books and offered to sell Tarquin the three books that were left for the original price that she had demanded for nine. This time Tarquin was scared that he might be losing something precious, and bought the remaining three books for the price that the witch asked. What sort of demand curve is that?
克里斯·麥克馬洪(Chris McMahon)通過電子郵件發(fā)送
Chris McMahon, by e-mail
親愛的麥克馬洪：
Dear Mr McMahon,
忘掉需求曲線吧;這是一個(gè)關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)盈余分配的兩方談判。塔爾坎始終愿意出高價(jià)，但同時(shí)希望能夠還價(jià)。女預(yù)言家("女巫"聽上去讓人不太舒服)則用限制供應(yīng)的方法來應(yīng)對(duì)，意在推升價(jià)格。
Forget the demand curve; this is a two-player negotiation over the division of economic surplus. Tarquin was always willing to pay a high price but hoped to get a bargain. The sibyl ("witch" is such an uncouth label) responded with a supply constriction designed to drive up the price.
塔爾坎可能會(huì)認(rèn)為，這個(gè)女預(yù)言家只有一位競爭性買家，如果每位買家都只想要3本書的話，這將形成供過于求的局面。而一旦出現(xiàn)兩位買家只有3本書可買的.情況，塔爾坎明白，他正面臨嚴(yán)峻的局面，因而搶先報(bào)出了價(jià)格。
Tarquin might have thought that the sibyl had just one rival buyer, and if each buyer wanted only one trilogy, that would be a supply glut. Once there was only one trilogy available for two buyers, Tarquin knew he was in a serious auction and made a pre-emptive offer.
還有一種可能性是，女預(yù)言家正在解決一個(gè)所謂的持久壟斷的問題。塔爾坎知道，女預(yù)言家可能會(huì)以高價(jià)向他出售3本書，然后再回頭以低價(jià)出售另外3本或6本。而通過燒毀6本書，女預(yù)言家讓自己能夠提出一個(gè)真正要不要隨你的出價(jià)。這是一種超前思維，但話說回來，她本來就是在推銷預(yù)言。
Another possibility is that the sibyl was dealing with the so- called durable monopoly problem. Tarquin knew that the sibyl might sell him an expensive trilogy, and then come back later with a cut- price offer to buy a second or third. By destroying two trilogies, the sibyl enabled herself to make a credible, take-it-or-leave-it offer. Forward-thinking stuff, but then, she was flogging prophecies.
task 2
美國2月份成屋銷售量7個(gè)月來首次出現(xiàn)增長，但銷售價(jià)格卻創(chuàng)下至少40年來的最大跌幅。
Sales of previously owned homes in the US rose for the first time in seven months in February, while sale prices fell by their most in at least 40 years.
全美房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人協(xié)會(huì)(National Association of Realtors)的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，經(jīng)季節(jié)因素調(diào)整后，美國上月成屋銷售量增加2.9%，折合成年率為503萬套，但較上年同期減少了23.8%。
Figures from the National Association of Realtors showed that existing home sales rose by 2.9 per cent to a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 5.03m units last month, still 23.8 per cent lower than a year ago.
此前，美國1月份成屋銷售量折合成年率為489萬套，創(chuàng)下自1999年有記錄以來的最低水平。市場曾預(yù)計(jì)2月份的.銷售量將再次小幅下滑，至485萬套。
The rise comes after sales fell in January to a level of 4.89m – the lowest since records began in 1999. Sales had been expected to fall modestly again this month to a level of 4.85m.
經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家們表示，成屋銷售量的增加，對(duì)住宅和金融市場是一個(gè)積極信號(hào)，但并非住宅市場即將好轉(zhuǎn)的明證。
Economists said that the rise was a positive indication for housing and the financial markets but that it was not clear evidence that residential real estate was about to improve.
雷曼兄弟(Lehman Brothers)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家扎克·潘德爾(Zach Pandl)表示：“銷售量的上升是重要的第一步，但我不會(huì)就此認(rèn)為住宅市場的問題都已得到解決。”
“The rise in sales is an important first step,” said Zach Pandl, an economist at Lehman Brothers. “But I wouldn’t call it the end of the problems in housing.”
美國2月份成屋銷售價(jià)格下滑8.2%，價(jià)格中值為19.59萬美元，創(chuàng)下全美房地產(chǎn)經(jīng)紀(jì)人協(xié)會(huì)自1968年開始記錄房價(jià)以來的最大單月跌幅。
House prices fell 8.2 per cent – the biggest one-month drop since the NAR began keeping records in 1968 – to a median price of $195,900
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