大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文怎樣才能寫(xiě)好
一、 ＂There be＂結(jié)構(gòu) 考生病句：
1. There are many people like to go to the movies.
2. There are different kinds of vegetables can be bought on the market by people.
正確表達(dá)：
1.There are many people who like to go to the movies.
2. There are different kinds of vegetables that people can buy on the market.
這兩個(gè)例句的錯(cuò)誤比較有普遍性，因?yàn)樵跉v次考試中有不少考生不能正確運(yùn)用there be這一最常用的句式。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，there是引導(dǎo)詞，沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義。be在句中作謂語(yǔ)，有時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。例如：
1. There was no school in the village at that time. 注意：在否定句中，否定詞用no，也可用not a或not any。not a后接單數(shù)名詞，not many后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，no后面的名詞單復(fù)數(shù)都可以。
2. There is not a moment to be lost.
3. There are many people rushing into the cities every year.
4. There are many things we can do to prevent traffic accidents.
5. There is no use holding back the wheel of history.
從以上例句還可看出，句中的主語(yǔ)后面可接多種修飾語(yǔ)，如介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式短語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)從句、分詞短語(yǔ)等等。這無(wú)疑使該結(jié)構(gòu)增加了表現(xiàn)力，使句子表達(dá)內(nèi)容更加豐富。 在運(yùn)用這一結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)，考生最容易犯的錯(cuò)誤是在there be之后又用了一個(gè)動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)，使句子結(jié)構(gòu)出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重錯(cuò)誤。這里列舉的考生的典型錯(cuò)誤均屬這種情況，對(duì)此我們?cè)趯?xiě)作中要格外注意。
二、 比較結(jié)構(gòu)
考生病句：
1. Comparing with the bike, the car runs much faster.
2. The climate in Walton is colder than other cities. 正確表達(dá)：
1. Compared with the bike, the car runs much faster.
2. The climate in Walton is colder than that of other cities.
評(píng)議與分析：許多考生在作文中用compare或than表示比較，但相當(dāng)多的表達(dá)有誤。 在例1中，對(duì)兩個(gè)事物進(jìn)行比較的句式為Compared with A, B...,只能用compare的過(guò)去分詞，不能用現(xiàn)在分詞，因?yàn)锽是分詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)，只能被比較。 在例2中，考生誤將 天氣 與 城市 進(jìn)行比較，而二者沒(méi)有可比性，只有將后者改為 其他城市的天氣 才符合邏輯，很顯然，考生的錯(cuò)誤是受了漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)習(xí)慣的影響。
比較結(jié)構(gòu)是常用結(jié)構(gòu)，正確地使用這一結(jié)構(gòu)可以使文章的句式增加變化，有利于提高寫(xiě)作成績(jī)。一般說(shuō)來(lái)，考生若能恰當(dāng)、正確地運(yùn)用這一結(jié)構(gòu)，其寫(xiě)作成績(jī)應(yīng)在5分以上。
下面是比較結(jié)構(gòu)的一些常用的表達(dá)方法。
1． 同級(jí)比較
1） In 1998 we produced as many cars as we did in the previous five years.
2） We have accomplished as much in the past three years as would have taken ten years in the past.
2． 比較級(jí)
1） Children now enjoy better medical treatment than before.
2） We can live longer without food than we can without water.
3． 最高級(jí)
1） This is the most interesting book I＇ve ever read.
2） Of all his novels I like this one best.
4． the more the more 結(jié)構(gòu)
1) The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.
2) The more a man knows, the more he discovers his ignorance.
5． 選擇比較
1) I prefer staying at home to going out.
2) They prefer to work rather than sit idly. 3) He prefers to work alone.
注意：這里的1）句用的是Prefer A to B結(jié)構(gòu)，to為介詞，后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞；2）句是以不定式作prefer的賓語(yǔ)；3）句用法同2），只是不把rather than部分表達(dá)出來(lái)。
6． 對(duì)比
1) Motion is absolute while stagnation is relative.
2) He is tired out, whereas she is full of vigor.
注意：while 和whereas均可用于連接兩個(gè)意義對(duì)立的分句，相當(dāng)于漢語(yǔ)的 而 字。許多考生能較好地運(yùn)用這一句式，尤其在圖表作文中。
三、 表達(dá)原因的結(jié)構(gòu)
考生病句：
1. The real reason to our failure is not far to seek.
2. The reason for this is because some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard.
正確表達(dá)：
1. The real reason for our failure is not far to seek.
2. The reason for this is that some people want to earn plenty of money without working hard.
評(píng)議與分析：
從遣詞造句上看，這兩位考生具有一定的寫(xiě)作能力，not far to seek, plenty of money以及without working hard等均運(yùn)用正確、恰當(dāng)。但令人遺憾的是，第一位考生不知道reason不與to搭配而應(yīng)接介詞for，第二位考生犯了一個(gè)中國(guó)學(xué)生常犯的錯(cuò)誤，就是用because引起表語(yǔ)從句，because這個(gè)詞不能引起表語(yǔ)從句，在本句中只能改用that才正確。掌握好表達(dá)原因的結(jié)構(gòu)是十分重要的，幾乎所有的寫(xiě)作試題都要求寫(xiě)原因或可以寫(xiě)原因。在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四、六級(jí)考試、研究生入學(xué)英語(yǔ)考試以及TOEFL考試中，寫(xiě)作的文體基本上是議論文，而議論文的基本模式是擺事實(shí)、講道理，講道理就是說(shuō)明原因。寫(xiě)作測(cè)試的文體決定了表達(dá)原因結(jié)構(gòu)的重要性。
英語(yǔ)中用來(lái)表達(dá)原因這一概念的結(jié)構(gòu)有多種。我們可用as , because, since, seeing that, considering that, now that, not that...等詞組引出表示原因的從句。例如：
1. Now that we have seen these great achievements with our own eyes, we feel more proud than ever of our country.
2. Professor Liu is strict with us because he wants us to make rapid progress.
3. Since we live near the sea, we enjoy a healthy climate.
4. Pollution is still a serious problem, not that we don＇t have the ability to solve it, but that some people have not realized the consequences of the problem.
我們還可以借助某些詞語(yǔ)用簡(jiǎn)單句表達(dá)原因結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：
1.The reason for this change is quite obvious.
2. Diligence is the key factor of success.
3. Idleness is the root of all evils.
4. He was ashamed to have made the mistake.
除了上述的例句外，英語(yǔ)中還有很多或易或難的表達(dá)原因的結(jié)構(gòu)。我們?cè)谶M(jìn)行寫(xiě)作訓(xùn)練的時(shí)候，不能滿(mǎn)足于一知半解，要講究書(shū)面語(yǔ)言的正確性和準(zhǔn)確性。比如，because是最常用的引導(dǎo)原因從句的連詞，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)，表示直接的原因，若because置于句首，后面的主句不能再用so。用as引導(dǎo)的原因從句語(yǔ)氣較弱，所說(shuō)明的'原因是附帶的，而since表示的原因暗示著是稍加分析之后才能推斷出來(lái)的原因。
四、 否定結(jié)構(gòu)
考生病句
1.Some people think we needn＇t to worry about fresh water.
2. Nowadays many people don＇t like to go to the movies, too.
正確表達(dá)：
1. Some people think we needn＇t worry about fresh water.
2. Nowadays many people don＇t like to go to the movies, either.
評(píng)議與分析：
例句1 的錯(cuò)誤在于該考生混淆了need作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和作為普通動(dòng)詞的用法。need作為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞時(shí)，主要用于否定句，后面的動(dòng)詞不帶to, needn＇t worry，作we的謂語(yǔ)。need作為實(shí)意動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可用于肯定句、否定句和疑問(wèn)句，don＇t need to worry 中的to worry作don＇t need的賓語(yǔ)。
例句2的錯(cuò)誤在于該考生混淆了too和either的區(qū)別，這兩個(gè)詞都表示 也 的意思，但是在英語(yǔ)中too, also只能用于肯定句，而either只能用于否定句。
否定結(jié)構(gòu)除了在助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，be和have后面加not之外，還有許多不含not的否定結(jié)構(gòu)。
I. 含有否定意義的詞匯和短語(yǔ) 以下列舉的詞和詞組本身就具有否定的含義，因此無(wú)需用否定詞。介詞against, beyond, but, except, without,...形容詞和動(dòng)詞absent, deny, differ, different, fail, free, ignore, miss, refuse, the last, used to, reluctant, lack, want,...短語(yǔ)keep...from, protect...from, prevent...from, let alone, at a loss, in vain, instead of, out of the question, rather than, too...to, by no means, anything but,... 例句：
1） Women fail to get the equal rights in some countries.
在一些國(guó)家里婦女沒(méi)有得到平等的權(quán)利。
2） This is by no means the best way to solve the problem of energy crisis.
這不是解決能源危機(jī)的最好的辦法。
3） We should protect trees from being destroyed.
我們應(yīng)保護(hù)樹(shù)木，不讓它們受破壞。
4） In old China we could not make a nail, let alone machines.
在舊中國(guó)，我們連一個(gè)釘子都造不了，更不用說(shuō)制造機(jī)器了。
II. 含有半否定意義的詞語(yǔ)barely, hardly, few, little, rarely, scarcely, seldom, not all, not everyone, not everything,...具有半否定的意義。例句：
1） We could hardly see any fresh vegetables in winter on market several years ago.
幾年前在冬天市場(chǎng)上很難見(jiàn)到新鮮蔬菜。
2） These young people know little about how to choose good books to read.
這些年輕人幾乎不知道如何挑選優(yōu)秀的書(shū)籍來(lái)讀。
III. 不含否定意義的否定結(jié)構(gòu)有些詞和詞組形式上是否定結(jié)構(gòu)，但其含義是肯定的，比如：cannot but, can＇t help, no sooner...than, not...until, in no time, none other than, nothing but,等等。例句：
1） We can＇t but face the reality. 我們只有面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)。
2） These old buildings will be replaced by modern apartment buildings in no time.
這些舊建筑將很快為現(xiàn)代化的公寓所代替。
IN. 否定結(jié)構(gòu)的倒裝語(yǔ)序. 我們有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)而把否定詞和詞組放在句首，這時(shí)句子結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)倒裝。例如：
1） On no account should we follow blindly.我們決不應(yīng)當(dāng)盲從。
2） No where has the world ever seen such great enthusiasm for learning as in our country.沒(méi)有任何其他地方有我國(guó)這樣高的學(xué)習(xí)熱情。
五、 含有it的結(jié)構(gòu)
考生病句：
1. As is known to all of us that science and technology play an important role in the development of society.
2. It is known to us, practice makes perfect.
正確表達(dá)：
1. It is known to all of us that science and technology play an important role in the development of society.
2. It is known to us that practice makes perfect.
評(píng)議與分析：
很顯然，兩個(gè)考生混淆了it和as的用法。如果用it作形式主語(yǔ)，后面的主語(yǔ)從句必須由that引起；如果用as，則后面不能用that，因?yàn)閍s是關(guān)系代詞，代表practice makes perfect。It 在英語(yǔ)中是個(gè)相當(dāng)活躍的代詞，在寫(xiě)作中我們常要使用它。以下幾種用法應(yīng)熟練掌握，并能靈活運(yùn)用。
1．作形式主語(yǔ)
It is necessary for us to master a foreign language skillfully. It makes difference whether we could purify the air or not.
2.作形式賓語(yǔ)
We find it rather difficult to prevent people from doing that. Modern science has made it possible for babies to gro
w healthily and for people to live longer.
3.引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句
It is only by this way that we can achieve success. It was then that people began to realize the importance of controlling population.
從語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)看，上述的句子都不難，或者可以說(shuō)是考生相當(dāng)熟悉的。然而在寫(xiě)作考試中，多數(shù)考生缺乏運(yùn)用自己已掌握的句式的意識(shí)，而以自己頭腦中拼湊的中式英語(yǔ)取而代之。其實(shí)，只要能恰當(dāng)?shù)剡\(yùn)用上述的任何一個(gè)句式，考生的作文就會(huì)出現(xiàn)閃光點(diǎn)，就會(huì)取得比較好的成績(jī)。
英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作常見(jiàn)錯(cuò)誤與分析
下面我們對(duì)一些在英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作中典型的病句實(shí)例逐一加以剖析．
一． 不一致（Disagreements）
所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致，它還包括了數(shù)的不一致, 時(shí)態(tài)不一致及代詞不一致等．
病句： When one have money, he can do what he want to.
剖析：one是單數(shù)第三人稱(chēng)，因而本句的have應(yīng)改為has ;同理，want應(yīng)改為wants.本句是典型的主謂不一致．
改為： Once one has money, he can do what he wants
二． 修飾語(yǔ)錯(cuò)位（Misplaced Modifiers）
英語(yǔ)與漢語(yǔ)不同，同一個(gè)修飾語(yǔ)置于句子不同的位置，句子的含義可能引起變化．對(duì)于這一點(diǎn)中國(guó)學(xué)生往往沒(méi)有引起足夠的重視，因而造成了不必要的誤解．
病句：I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.
剖析：better位置不當(dāng)，應(yīng)置于句末．
三． 句子不完整（Sentence Fragments）
在口語(yǔ)中，交際雙方可借助手勢(shì)語(yǔ)氣上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解．可是書(shū)面語(yǔ)就不同了，句子結(jié)構(gòu)不完整會(huì)令意思表達(dá)不清，這種情況常常發(fā)生在主句寫(xiě)完以后，筆者又想加些補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明時(shí)發(fā)生．
病句：There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .
剖析：本句后半部分＂for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on . 不是一個(gè)完整的句子，僅為一些不連貫的詞語(yǔ)，不能獨(dú)立成句．
改為：There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper.
四． 懸垂修飾語(yǔ)（Dangling Modifiers）
所謂懸垂修飾語(yǔ)是指句首的短語(yǔ)與后面句子的邏輯關(guān)系混亂不清．
病句： At the age of ten, my grandfather died.
這句中＂at the age of ten＂只點(diǎn)出十歲時(shí)，但沒(méi)有說(shuō)明 誰(shuí) 十歲時(shí)．按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我們把這個(gè)懸垂修飾語(yǔ)改明確一點(diǎn)，全句就不那么費(fèi)解了．
改為：When I was ten, my grandfather died.
病句:To do well in college, good grades are essential.
剖析：句中不定式短語(yǔ) to do well in college 的邏輯主語(yǔ)不清楚．
改為：To do well in college, a student needs good grades.
五． 詞性誤用
詞性誤用 常表現(xiàn)為：介詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用；形容詞當(dāng)副詞用；名詞當(dāng)動(dòng)詞用等．
病句：None can negative the importance of money.
剖析：negative 系形容詞，誤作動(dòng)詞。
改為：None can deny the importance of money.
六． 指代不清
指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關(guān)系不清，或者先后所用的代詞不一致。 Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
讀完上面這一句話(huà)，讀者無(wú)法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰(shuí)將結(jié)婚，誰(shuí)將當(dāng)伴娘。如果我們把易于引起誤解的代詞的所指對(duì)象加以明確，意思就一目了然了。這個(gè)句子可改為：
Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.
剖析：句中人稱(chēng)代詞we 和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。
改為：We can also know society by serving it ourselves.
七． 不間斷句子
什么叫run-on sentence? 請(qǐng)看下面的例句。
病句: There are many ways we get to know the outside world.
剖析：這個(gè)句子包含了兩層完整的意思： There are many ways. 以及 We get to know the outside world. 。簡(jiǎn)單地把它們連在一起就不妥當(dāng)了。
改為：There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或：
There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world
八． 措詞毛病
Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何適當(dāng)?shù)剡x用詞語(yǔ)的問(wèn)題，囿于教學(xué)時(shí)間緊迫，教師平時(shí)在這方面花的時(shí)間往往極其有限，影響了學(xué)生在寫(xiě)作中沒(méi)有養(yǎng)成良好的推敲，斟酌的習(xí)慣。他們往往隨心所欲，拿來(lái)就用。所以作文中用詞不當(dāng)?shù)腻e(cuò)誤比比皆是。
病句：The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.
剖析：顯然，考生把obstacles 障礙 ， 障礙物 誤作substance 物質(zhì) 了。另外 the increasing use 應(yīng)改為 abusive use 。
改為：The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.
九． 累贅
病句：In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.
本句的 the fact that he is lazy 系同謂語(yǔ)從句，我們按照上述 能用詞組的不用從句 可以改為：In spite of his laziness, I like him.
病句： For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.
剖析：整個(gè)句子可以大大簡(jiǎn)化。
改為：Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need.
十． 不連貫
不連貫是指一個(gè)句子前言不對(duì)后語(yǔ)，或是結(jié)構(gòu)上不暢通。這也是考生常犯的毛病。
病句： The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth.
剖析：The fresh water 與逗號(hào)后的it 不連貫。It 與things 在數(shù)方面不一致。
改為：Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.
【大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文怎樣才能寫(xiě)好】相關(guān)文章：
怎樣才能寫(xiě)好英語(yǔ)作文10-07
怎樣才能寫(xiě)好英語(yǔ)作文03-15
寫(xiě)好大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文的方法08-24
怎樣寫(xiě)好大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文08-25
如何寫(xiě)好大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)作文10-26
中學(xué)生怎樣才能寫(xiě)好英語(yǔ)作文02-13
怎樣才能把作文寫(xiě)好04-15