who引導(dǎo)定語從句的注意事項(xiàng)
定語可以由形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式等來擔(dān)任,但如果由一個(gè)句子來擔(dān)任定語,那么這個(gè)句子就叫定語從句。在英語中,who可是個(gè)人氣指數(shù)頗高的詞,作為疑問代詞,who可以引導(dǎo)特殊疑問句;作為關(guān)系代詞,who可以引導(dǎo)定語從句。今天我們就一道看看who引導(dǎo)定語從句應(yīng)注意的五個(gè)方面。
一、 who引導(dǎo)的定語從句的先行詞是表示人的名詞或代詞。如:
The student who is answering the question is John. 正在回答問題的那個(gè)學(xué)生是約翰。
Anybody who breaks the laws will be punished. 任何違反法律的人都將受到懲罰。
二、 who是主格,在定語從句中作主語,此時(shí)不能省略。如:
The person who was here yesterday is a musician. 昨天來這兒的那個(gè)人是位音樂家。
但在非正式英語中,who亦可作賓語,且可以省略。如:
The man(who)I saw just now is Mr Li. 我剛才見到的那個(gè)人是李先生。
三、 在定語從句中,who在人稱、數(shù)上和其前面的先行詞保持一致。如:
Do you know the boy who is standing over there? 你認(rèn)識(shí)站在那邊的那個(gè)男孩嗎?
四、 若先行詞中既有人又有物,關(guān)系代詞用that而不用who。如:
He watched the children and boxes that filled the car. 他看見了塞滿汽車的孩子和箱子。
五、 若先行詞前面有形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾,關(guān)系代詞用that而不用who。如:
Yao Ming is the best basketball player that I know. 姚明是我知道的最好的籃球運(yùn)動(dòng)員。
Tom is the first boy that left the room. 湯姆是第一個(gè)離開這個(gè)房間的.男孩。
1.在限制性定語從句中,當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí),關(guān)系詞可用which或that,二者?梢曰Q;但在下列情況中,只能用that,不用which:
(1) 當(dāng)先行詞是all, a lot, (a) little, few, much, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等
(2) 當(dāng)先行詞被all, any no, much, little, few, every等限定詞所修飾時(shí)。
(3) 當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。
(4) 當(dāng)先行詞是形容詞最高級(jí)或被形容詞最高級(jí)所修飾,以及先行詞被序數(shù)詞和形容 詞最高級(jí)同時(shí)修飾時(shí)
(5) 當(dāng)先行詞被 the very, the only, the next, the last等所修飾時(shí)。
(6) 當(dāng)先行詞為指人和指物的兩個(gè)并列名詞詞組時(shí)。 (7) 當(dāng)主句是以which或who開頭的特殊疑問句時(shí)。
(8)There be 句型中先行詞指物時(shí)。 (9)作表語只用that ,它既可以指人,也可以指物。
2. 在限制性定語從句中,當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí),關(guān)系代詞可用who(m)或that,二者常可互換。 但在下列情況中,用who(m),而不用that:
(1) 當(dāng)先行詞是one, ones, any, few, anyone, anybody, someone, somebody, everyone, everybody等詞.
(2) 當(dāng)先行詞是he, they, those, people, person等詞時(shí)。
He who laughs last laughs best. Those who help themselves helped by the God.
(3) There be 句型中先行詞指人時(shí)。
3.關(guān)系代詞which專用情況:
(1) 在限制性定語從句中,當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí),或是兩個(gè)定語從句一個(gè)用that另一個(gè)只可用which來引導(dǎo)。
(2)當(dāng)先行詞指物時(shí)且關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí),構(gòu)成介詞+which來引導(dǎo)定語從句
4.作定語用whose =the+ n+ of which/whom
5、 as在定語從句中的用法: as可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句
(1)as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,有“正如,就像”之意。它在從句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語或表語。 例
as is well known / as we all know 眾所周知; as is said above 正如上面所說;
as might be imagined 正像所想象的那樣;as is reported 如報(bào)道所說;
as has been pointed 如所指出的那樣; as is expected 正如所料。
(2)as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句多與such、so或the same連用,它可以代替先行詞是人或物的名詞。
Such people as were mentioned by him were honest.
注意:★the same…that與the same…as在意思上是不同的。例如:
This is the same bag as I lost yesterday. 這個(gè)書包和我昨天丟的相似。(相似物)
This is the same bag that I lost yesterday. 這正是我昨天丟的那個(gè)書包。(同一物)
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